NEBOSH培训资料IGC1E4

ELEMENT4PLANNINGFORSAFETYLEARNINGOUTCOMESPolicy•ImportanceofplanninginH&S•Principlesandpracticeofriskassessment•Hierarchyofcontrols•KeysourcesofH&Sinformation•FactorstobeconsideredwhendevelopingSSOW•RoleandfunctionofpermittoworksystemPLANNINGFORSAFETYRemember.....Plan,docheckact?-HSEMSNowsettheobjectives,butmakethemSMARTSpecific:ClearlydefinedMeasurable:CanbemeasuredAchievable:ItcanbedoneReasonable:WithinthetimescaleTimely:AdeadlineortimescaleMODELQUESTIONMARKSOutlinewhattheorganisationmayneedtoconsiderwhensettinghealthandsafetyobjectives8marksRISKASSESSMENTWhatisit?Acarefulexaminationofwhat,inyourwork,couldcauseharmtopeoplesothatyoucanweighupwhetheryouhavetakenenoughprecautionstopreventharmorneedtodomore.Theaimofriskassessmentistoidentifysignificantrisksandsetprioritiestominimiseriskstherebyreducingaccidentsandillhealth.RISKASSESSMENT•Theconceptofriskassessmentrequirestotakereasonablypracticableprecautionstosafeguardstaffandeveryoneelsewhomaybeaffectedbytheoperations.•Theriskassessmentshouldbebasedonabalancedjudgmentoftheextentandrealizationoftheriskagainsttime,troubleandcostofthestepsrequiredtoremoveorreduceit.•Ifthecostisgrosslydisproportionate,thenthecompanyisentitledtosaythatthestepsproposedarenotreasonablypracticable.MODELQUESTIONMARKSGivethemeaningoftheterm‘riskassessment4marksIdentifyreasonswhyariskassessmentshouldberecordedinwriting4marksRISKASSESSMENTDefinitions:AccidentNearMissDangerousOccurrenceOccupational/workrelatedillhealthFrank&Birdaccidenttriangle1950s1seriousinjury10minorinjury30propertydamageGatheredfrom600incidentsRISKASSESSMENTRISKASSESSMENTWhatisaHazard………..AnythingthathasthepotentialtocauseharmWhatisRisk………..ThelikelihoodofthehazardrealisingactualharmMODELQUESTIONMARKSDefinetheterm‘Hazard’2marksDefinetheterm‘Risk’.2marksRISKASSESSMENTCompetenceofRiskAssessors1.Acombinationoftraining,knowledge,experienceandpersonalqualities2.Athoroughunderstandingoftheprocessesandproceduresinvolved3.Knowledgeofownlimitations4.GoodcommunicationskillsMODELQUESTIONMARKSAnorganisationistointroduceanewmanufacturingprocessattheirworksite.ItisimportantthatallsignificantrisksareaassessedandproperlymanagedOutlinewhattheorganisationneedstoconsiderwhendecidingwhoshouldcarryoutriskassessmentsforthenewprocess6marksOutlinethefactorsthattheemployershouldtakeintoaccountwhenselectingindividualstoassistincarryingouttherequiredriskassessment6marksRISKASSESSMENTRiskassessmenthastobeSuitableandSufficient1.Identifyallthesignificanthazardsandrisks2.Evaluatetherisks3.Identifyemployeesandothersatrisk4.Identifycontrolmeasures5.Recordthesignificantandignorethetrivial6.Beappropriatetothenatureofthework7.EnsurethattheresidualriskislowMODELQUESTIONMARKSExplainthecriteriawhichmustbemetfortheassessmenttobe‘suitableandsufficient’4marksRISKASSESSMENTRiskAssessment–5Steps1.IdentifytheHazards2.Decidewhomaybeharmedandhow3.Evaluaterisks&existingprecautions4.Recordthefindings5.ReviewAssessmentsandreviseifnecessaryMODELQUESTIONMARKSIdentifythekeystagesofaworkplaceriskassessment5marksRISKASSESSMENTStep1-IdentifythehazardsConsiderbothsafetyandhealthhazards•Inspections•TaskAnalysis•Legislation•Manufacturer’sInformation•IncidentdataMODELQUESTIONMARKSIdentifyFOURmeansofhazardidentificationthatmaybeusedintheworkplace4marksRISKASSESSMENTStep2-Whomaybeharmed&how?Employees,youngworkers,expectantmothers,visitors,public,disabled,nightshiftworkersetc.OtherFactorstoConsider•Howlikelytooccur?•Consequences?•Numberofpeople?•Effectsofexposure?•Frequency/Duration?•ExistingControls?MODELQUESTIONMARKSIdentifyreasonswhyyoungworkerscouldbeatgreaterriskofbeinginjuredatwork4marksOutlinethecontrolmeasuresthatshouldbetakentominimiseriskstoyoungworkers4marksGiveTWOreasonswhyvisitorstoaworkplacemightbeatgreaterriskofinjurythanworkers2marksOutlinetheprecautionsthatcouldbetakentoensurethehealthandsafetyofvisitorstoaworkplace8marksIdentifyworkactivitiesthatmaypresentaparticularrisktopregnantwomenatworkANDgiveanexampleofEACHtypeofactivity.6marks152022RISKASSESSMENTRISKMATRIX1520SEVERITYLIKELIHOOD23RISKASSESSMENTLikelihood&SeverityExercise1520SEVERITYLIKELIHOOD24RISKASSESSMENTLikelihood&SeverityExercise1520SEVERITYLIKELIHOOD25RISKASSESSMENTHierarchyofRiskReductionMeasures-ERICPD•Elimination•Reduction•Isolate•Control•PersonalProtectiveEquipment•DisciplineRISKASSESSMENTPrinciplesofControl•Avoidingrisks•Evaluatingtherisksthatcannotbeavoided•Combatingtherisksatsource•Adaptingtheworktotheindividual•Adaptingtotechnicalprogress•Replacingthedangerousbytheless/nondangerous•SafeSystemofWork•Reducetimeofexposure•Givingprioritytocollectiveprotectivemeasures•Providingappropriatetraining,informationandsupervisionMODELQUESTIONMARKSOutline,withexamples,thegeneralhierarchythatshouldbeappliedinordertocontrolhealthandsafetyrisksintheworkplace.8marksIdentifythefactorstobeconsideredtoreducetheriskstoworkersrequiredtoworkaloneawayfromtheworkplace8marksIdentifyprecautionsthatcouldbetakentoreducetheriskofinjurytovisitorstoaworkplace6marksOutlineactionsthatanemployermaytakewhenarisktoaneworexpecta