世界上最大的EMS公司的培训资料（英文版）

1PreparedByFrankChenInternationalTradeManagementTheGlobalEnvironmentInternationalComplexitiesTrademanagementSummary2PreparedByFrankChenManagingaGlobalbusinessrequiresadditionalintegratedprocessesTobuy,manufacture,distributeandsellanyplaceonearthrequiresknowledgeof:Culture-Economics-distance-Governments3PreparedByFrankChenAmajordifferenceindoingbusinessinternationallyisintegratingtheregulatoryrequirementsintobusinessprocessesPoliticalandGovernmentalComplexity:•Changesineconomicblocs•Trade-aninstrumentofpower•TheWTOagreement•Globalenvironmentalconcerns•Countryspecificinterpretationandregulationforimportingandexporting•Automated,paperless,processbasedenforcement•ConstantChange4PreparedByFrankChenWhyaregovernmentsinvolved?•Impactsonnationaleconomies•Opportunitytoapplytaxestocommerce•Controlmovementofgoodsorinformation5PreparedByFrankChenHowdogovernmentsaffecttrade?TreatiesTheWTOagreementApplicationoftaxesTraderestrictionsTradestimulatorsLogisticsprocessesaredirectlyaffectedbyregulatoryrequirements6PreparedByFrankChenGlobalmarketscanhaveconsiderableregulatoryriskforcompanies•U.S.companiesarenotatlibertytodothebusinesswithoutrestrictions•TheU.S.Governmentdefineswithwecandobusiness•Over500yearsofsuspendedexportprivilegeswereleviedin1996•Millionsofdollarsinfinesandpenaltieswereassessed•Numericalcompaniesareundercriminalinvestigation•Individualscanbechargedandimprisoned•Generallyviolationsarenotdeliberate•Inemergingmarkets,newbusinessesareformeddailyandmayberestricted•Old“SovietBlock”governmentagenciesarechangingnamesandmissions•Anyproductcanresultinviolations,notjusthightechproducts•Globalpurchasingleadstosignificantimportexposures•Threatofterroristactivityemergesfrommanysources•Chinaandothercountrieshavesimilarbutdifferentrulesregardingimportingandexporting7PreparedByFrankChenWhywouldacompanywanttodealwithallthis?GlobalizationisnotanoptionalstrategyCompetitionandcustomersdrivebusinessglobalGreatersalesIncreaseproductivityGreaterprofitsLucrativebutComplex8PreparedByFrankChenManyinternationalregulatorycomplexitiescanbeExploredandunderstoodbyaskingthreedeceptivelysimplequestionsKey:Whatarethegoods?Wheredidtheycomefromorwherearetheygoing?Whatistheirvalue?9PreparedByFrankChenWhatarethegoods?Aquestioneverygovernmentasks,forwhichthereareoftenmanyanswersDescriptionsleadtoClassificationusingaharmonizedcodeACRT?…..Memorychips?Ananalyticaldevice?ATVoravideodevice?AnElectricalArray?AssembledElectronics?10PreparedByFrankChenWheregoodscomefromisalsoaskedbyeverygovernment,withasurprisingnumberofanswersCountryoforigin-substantialtransformationPercentageofForeignContentSpecialexclusionsfortradeagreementslocalconsumptionlawsExampleofUses:Importing-dutycalculations,entrycontrolandrestrictionsExporting-product,country,organization,andindividualsalescontrolsGovernmentprocurement-suchastheBuyAmericaACTInternationalventurefundingTradeFinancing-EXIMBank,AID,OPICetc.Balanceoftradeallowances11PreparedByFrankChenWhatisthevalue?IsaaquestioneverygovernmentaskswithasurprisingnumberofpossibleanswersSellerExporterSellerExporterBuyerImporterBuyerImporterExportSalesPRICEImportBuyer12PreparedByFrankChenWhyistheprice(Valuation)ofthegoodsimportant?EstablishesthevalueofthegoodsEnablesthegovernmentstoapplytaxesBasisfortheassettransferfromcountrytocountry13PreparedByFrankChenTransactionvalueisthemostcommonlyusedmethodofvaluationTransactionValue-pricePaidorpayable-IdenticalMerchandise-SimilarMerchandiseDeductiveValueComputedValue14PreparedByFrankChen“Pricepaidorpayable”simplewords,notsosimpleinpracticeMerchandiseSellingcommissionsPackingcostsAssistsCertainroyaltiesorlicensefeesProceedsofresale,disposal,orusethataccruetotheseller15PreparedByFrankChenTheconceptof“Assists”comesfromWTOandcreatesbasicprocessdifferencesbetweendomesticsandinternationaltransactions“Assist”meansanyofthefollowing:IMaterials,componentsparts,andsimilaritemsincorporatedintotheimportedmerchandiseIITools,dies,molds,andsimilaritemsusedintheproductionoftheimportedmerchandiseIIIMerchandiseconsumedintheproductionoftheimportedmerchandiseIVEngineering,development,artwork,designwork,plans,andsketchesthatareundertakenelsewherethanintheU.S.andarenecessaryfortheproductionofthemerchandise.16PreparedByFrankChenASimpleRelationship?SellerBuyer17PreparedByFrankChenThe“SimpleRelationship”canquicklybecomeverycomplexSellerBuyerToolingForeignDevelopmentIncorporatedMerchandiseAdvancedPaymentsSet-upCostsCorrectedInvoiceVolumeDiscounts18PreparedByFrankChenTakingadvantageof“TradeIncentives”canbethedifferencebetweenprofitandlossGoodsReturnedGoodsExportedforrepairorAlterationGoodsAssembledAbroadArticlesofMetalExportedforProcessingGeneralizedSystemofPreferenceForeignTradeZonesDutyDrawbackEU,NAFTAorOtherTradingBlock’sDutyProvisions19PreparedByFrankChenLackofknowledgeof“TradeRestrictions”canresultinfines,penalties,seizureandpersonalliabilityEmbargoes/TradingwiththeEnemy?countryspecificcontrolsGovernmentAgenciesrequirementsFCC-FDA-EPAAntidumpingCountervailingQuotasExportLicensingforcontrolledproducts&techn