剑桥少儿英语教师上岗培训讲座

1剑桥少儿英语教师上岗培训讲座ATrainingSessionforPre-serviceTeachersofCYLE26/11/2005浙江大学教育学院褚献华2EnjoyableandEffective3Outline提纲•Childrenaslanguagelearners儿童学习语言的特点•Approaches&Principles教学途径和原则•Effectiveteachingstrategies有效的教学策略•PrioritiesforCYLE剑桥少儿英语的教学重点4学习目标LearningObjectivesAfterthislecture,youareexpectedto听了今天的讲座，希望您能1.StatethecharacteristicsofchildrenlearningEnglish说出少儿学习外语的特点小学生的特点、学习过程、学习的条件2.ExplainthekeyprinciplesandstrategiesforteachingyounglearnersEnglish解释少儿英语教学的重要原则和策略以学生为中心、交际为导向、活动为基础5Pleaseaskyourself：WhydochildrenlearnEnglish?少儿英语教学的主要目的是什么？Whataretheircharacteristics?少儿学习外语有哪些特点？Whatapproachismoreeffective?什么样的教学途径对少儿更有效?6WhyteachChildrenEnglish?Todeveloplearners’capabilityofusingEnglish.培养学生综合的语言运用能力情感态度affectiveattitude语言技能languageskills语言知识languageknowledge学习策略learningstrategies文化意识culturalawareness7少儿英语教学的目的了解英语国家文化形成世界意识初步形成英语学习策略良好的语音基础初步的口头交际能力学习和掌握英语语言基础知识建立英语学习的兴趣和信心形成积极的态度8少儿作为外语学习者younglearnersofEnglishYounglearners:strengthsandweaknesses少儿学习外语的优势和弱点Languagelearningapproachesforyounglearners少儿语言学习的途径ExternalconditionsforeffectiveYLE少儿英语学习的外部条件9学习能力是与生俱来的Theabilitytolearnisinnate.学习是在一定的社会文化情境中，通过参与活动、与他人交流而实现的意义建构过程。Learningisaprocessofmeaningconstructioninasocio-culturalcontextbythelearnersinvolvementintheactivitiesandcommunication每个学生都是积极的探究者和知识建构者。学生原有的知识经验是新知识的生长基点。学生需求、兴趣和自主性是有效学习的内部基础。与他人的互动和正确的引导对意义建构非常重要。10Childrenaslanguagelearners儿童作为语言学习者11Children•aremoreenthusiasticandlively•areboldtohaveagoatanactivity•havelesspsycho-stressonlearning•havemoretimetolearn•热情积极活泼•勇于参与活动•心理压力较少•学习时间较多12Buttheyarelesscognitivelydevelopedcan’tretaintheirattentionlongloseinterestmorequicklyhavelesslearningexperience认知水平较低注意保持较短容易丧失兴趣学习经验较少13少儿如何有效地学英语？HowYLlearnEnglish?通过类似母语习得的自然途径inanaturalway通过在信任接受的氛围中互动byinteractingwitheachotherinanatmosphereoftrustandacceptance通过参与多种有趣的活动byparticipatinginavarietyofinterestingactivities通过模仿和重复、唱歌和诵读等byimitatingandrepeating,singingandchanting14自然的方式ThenaturalwayExposuretolanguage感受语言Comprehension理解意思Imitation模仿Activeuse活用语言Languageinput语言输入Languageoutput语言输出15Notice注意Want想学Engage参与Link联系Succeed成功少儿学习语言的过程theprocessofYLlanguagelearning16Clearobjectives的兴趣正确的示范Correctdemonstration可理解的输入Understandableinput轻松的氛围Stress-freeatmosphere有意义的互动Meaningfulinteraction积极的强化Positivereinforcement充分的参与Adequateinvolvement少儿学习英语的外部条件ExternalConditionsforChildrenLearningEnglish17ExternalConditionsforCYLEUnderstandableinput可理解的输入Correctdemonstration正确的示范Meaningfulinteraction有意义的互动Adequateinvolvement充分的参与Stress-freeatmosphere轻松的氛围Positivereinforcement积极的强化18儿童以一种类似自然的语言习得方式学习外语他们具备学习外语的优势和但也有劣势他们的英语技能不是老师“教给”的，而是他们在参与学习活动过程中“学会”的。他们学习外语需要有利的外部条件。重要理念Keyideas19常见的问题Commonproblems教师没有提供足够机会引起学生的注意教学目标与学生的需要不一致学生不愿努力尝试词句太难；不知如何做；没趣味活动机会不够→难以记忆和运用经历过多的失败→失去信心不能有效地建立联系→不能活用操练太狭窄；内容难于内化；或缺乏挑战性如何改进？20ImplicationsforTeachers对教师的启示21Theteachershould…•beawarethatlanguageacquisitionisanaturalprocess认识语言习得是个自然的过程•Speechfirst口语领先•Stepbystep循序渐进222.adoptmethodscompatiblewiththechildren’sdevelopmentalstage教学法方法适应儿童发展阶段•Active,hands-on动手活动•Multi-dimensionallearning233.Makethelearningrelevanttochildren’sinterestsandperspective学习结合儿童的兴趣和认识•Concretevocabulary具体的词汇•Here-and-nowcontent身边的内容•Startwherechildrenare244.Theteachershouldprovideunderstandablelanguageandnecessarysupport5.Theteachershouldprovidemanyopportunitiesforlanguageinteraction256.Theteachershouldsupportpupils’motivationandself-esteemwhilediminishingtheiranxiety267.Theteachershouldvaluetheroleoftheclassroomenvironmentinsupportinglearning27Behavioralapproach行为主义途径Focus:thereinforcementofbehaviorthroughrepetitionandrewardsTeachercontrolslearners’behaviorandlearningprocessTeacherhasaclearlessonplanEnglishpatternsarerepeatedthroughdrillsandchoralrepetitionSuccessisreinforcedbypraiseandrewards28Inputapproach语言输入途径Focus:theinputoflanguagefromtheteacher,tapes,readingmaterialLearnersareexposedtoEnglishunderstandableorjustbeyondtheirpresentlevelLearnersarenotexpectedtoproducelanguageuntiltheyfeelreadyTeacherintroducenewwordsandpatternsthroughphysicaldemonstrationLearnersareencouragedtobephysicallyactive29Humanisticapproach人本主义途径Focus:theimportanceoftheinnerthoughtsandfeelingsofeachlearnerDevelopmentofinter-personalskillsisencouragedFocusisonthelearningprocessEachchildisallowedtomakechoiceandpaceLearnersareemotionallyimmersedinthelessonMotivationcomesfrominside,notexternalrewardChildrenareensuredtofeelleastanxietyTeacherisa“facilitator”andencouragechildrenlearnnaturally30Constructivistapproach建构主义途径Focus:childasanindividualtryingtomakesensetotheworldEachchildisanactiveexplorerAchildtendstomoveindirectionsthathavepersonalmeaningAchildhasthepotentialtoreachbeyondthepresentlevel,butneedstointeractwithadultsandpeershavingmoreknowledgeAchildlearnslanguageintheattempttocommunicate31ThreeImportantPrinciplesChild-Centeredperspective以儿童为中心的教育理念Speech-Orientedapproach以口语为导向教学途径Activity-Basedinteraction以活动为基础的互动模式32Child-CenteredYounglearners’characteristics,needsandinterest少儿的特点、需要和兴趣Learner-cent