EN 349-1993 机械安全 避免挤压人体各部分的最小间隙

EUROPEANSTANDARDNORMEEUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHENORMEN349April1993UDC614.8:331.456:62-783.61Descriptors:Safetyofmachines,accidentprevention,hazards,humanbody,distance,minimumvalueEnglishversionSafetyofmachinery—MinimumgapstoavoidcrushingofpartsofthehumanbodySécuritédesmachines—Ecartementsminimauxpourprévenirlesrisquesd’écrasementdepartiesducorpshumainSicherheitvonMaschinen—MindestabständezurVermeidungdesQuetschensvonKörperteilenThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon1993-04-02.CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEuropeanStandardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Up-to-datelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcerningsuchnationalstandardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheCentralSecretariatortoanyCENmember.ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).AversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytranslationundertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheCentralSecretariathasthesamestatusastheofficialversions.CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom.CENEuropeanCommitteeforStandardizationComitéEuropéendeNormalisationEuropäischesKomiteefürNormungCentralSecretariat:ruedeStassart36,B-1050Brussels©1993CopyrightreservedtoCENmembersRef.No.EN349:1993EEUROPEANSTANDARDNORMEEUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHENORMLicensedCopy:sheffieldunsheffieldun,na,ThuOct2602:27:36GMT+00:002006,UncontrolledCopy,(c)BSIEN349:1993©BSI10-19982ForewordThisEuropeanStandardhasbeenpreparedbyCEN/TC114“Safetyofmachinery”,WG2“Safetydistances”.ThisEuropeanStandardhasbeenpreparedunderamandategiventoCENbytheCommissionoftheEuropeanCommunitiesandtheSecretariatoftheEuropeanFreeTradeAssociationandsupportsessentialrequirementsofECDirective(s).ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofanidenticaltextorbyendorsement,atthelatestbyOctober1993,andconflictingnationalstandardsshallbewithdrawnatthelatestbyOctober1993.InaccordancewiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulations,thefollowingcountriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom.LicensedCopy:sheffieldunsheffieldun,na,ThuOct2602:27:36GMT+00:002006,UncontrolledCopy,(c)BSIEN349:1993©BSI10-199830IntroductionAccordingtoEN292-1,ingeneralmachineryissaidtobesafeifitcanperformitsfunction,betransported,installed,adjusted,maintained,dismantledanddisposedofundertheconditionsofitsintendedusewithoutcausinginjuryordamaginghumanhealth.Onemethodofavoidingthehazardofcrushingofpartsofthehumanbodyistomakeuseoftheminimumgapsinthisstandard.Inspecifyingminimumgapsanumberofaspectshavetobetakenintoconsideration,suchas—accessibilityofthecrushingzones;—anthropometricdata,takingintoaccountethnicgroupslikelytobefoundinEuropeancountries;—technicalandpracticalaspects.Iftheseaspectsarefurtherdevelopedthecurrentstateoftheart,reflectedinthisEuropeanStandard,couldbeimproved.1ScopeTheobjectofthisEuropeanStandardistoenabletheuser(e.g.standardmakers,designersofmachinery)toavoidhazardsfromcrushingzones.Itspecifiesminimumgapsrelativetopartsofthehumanbodyandisapplicablewhenadequatesafetycanbeachievedbythismethod.ThisEuropeanStandardisapplicabletorisksfromcrushinghazardsonlyandisnotapplicabletootherpossiblehazards,e.g.impact,shearing,drawing-in.NOTEFor,e.g.impact,shearing,drawing-inhazardsadditionalorothermeasuresneedtobetaken.2NormativereferencesThisEuropeanStandardincorporatesbydatedorundatedreference,provisionsfromotherpublications.Thesenormativereferencesarecitedattheappropriateplacesinthetextandthepublicationsarelistedhereafter.Fordatedreferences,subsequentamendmentstoorrevisionsofanyofthesepublicationsapplytothisEuropeanStandardonlywhenincorporatedinitbyamendmentorrevision.Forundatedreferencesthelatesteditionofthepublicationreferredtoapplies.EN292-1:1991,Safetyofmachinery—Basicconcepts,generalprinciplesfordesign—Part1:Basicterminology,methodology.EN292-2,Safetyofmachinery—Basicconcepts,generalprinciplesfordesign—Part2:Technicalprinciplesandspecifications.EN294,Safetyofmachinery—Safetydistancestopreventdangerzonesbeingreachedbytheupperlimbs.3DefinitionsForthepurposesofthisstandardthefollowingdefinitionappliesinadditiontothedefinitionsgiveninEN292-1andEN294:crushingzonezoneinwhichthehumanbodyorpartsofthehumanbodyareexposedtoacrushinghazard.Thishazardwillbegeneratedif—twomovablepartsaremovingtowardsoneanother;—onemovablepartismovingtowardsafixedpart;(seealsoannexA)4Minimumgaps4.1MethodologyfortheuseofthisEuropeanStandardThemethodofusingthisEuropeanStandardshallformpartoftheiterativesafetystrategyoutlinedinclause5“Strategyforselectingsafetymeasures”ofEN292-1.TheuserofthisEuropeanStandardshall:a)Identifythecrushinghazards.b)AssesstherisksfromthesehazardsinaccordancewithEN292-1payingparticularattentiontothefollowing.—Wherei