法液空吊装作业培训中英文双语版ALHZHSE_training009

CRANE起重机ALHZHSE_training009a.rev.1BasedonC-GS-17-0-2-AJHA(2010.06)&HSEplanrev.AAirLiquide,theworldleaderingasesforindustry,healthandtheenvironment.2TableofcontentBackground背景Objective目的Definitionofcrane起重机定义Riskanalysis风险分析Risksprecautions风险的预防Summary总结AirLiquide,theworldleaderingasesforindustry,healthandtheenvironment.3Background背景Description描述OnJuly13th,MCCisunloadingtheweightof80tcranefromtruck.Duetospacelimit,theworkingpositionof25tcranecannotfulfillthismission.Thedistancebetween3tweightandcraneis18m,whichisbeyondthe25tcrane'sworkingradius16m.Tosavetime,thecrane'sdriverdecidedtoslantingliftthisweighttothegroundtoreleasethetruck,Whenhepulledtheweightfromthetruckwhichfellontotheground.Thisdangerousactofliftingcausethebacksupportinglegofcranegetoffthegroundabout50mm.7月13日，MCC将80吨的起重机从卡车上卸载下来。由于空间的限制，25吨起重机工作的位置无法完成吊装任务。因为当时货物与起重机的距离为18米，超过了25吨起重机16米的工作半径。但是为了节省时间，吊车司机决定倾斜的将货物从卡车吊装到地面上。这个危险的吊装行为导致起重机的后方支撑腿离开地面50毫米。AirLiquide,theworldleaderingasesforindustry,healthandtheenvironment.4Background背景Description描述OnePSSIhappenedinALHZsite-The630tcranefelldownafterliftjobsfinishedwhentheyremoveditssmallsupportandbeam发生在ALHZ现场的一个PSSI：完成吊装工作后，当他们移除起重机的支撑时，这个630吨的起重机发生了侧翻。AirLiquide,theworldleaderingasesforindustry,healthandtheenvironment.5Background背景Description描述InspectiontotowercraneequipmentactedonJuly06anddefectsarenotedasbelow:7月6日对塔吊进行检查，其缺点如下：Partsoftowercraneplatformandstruttingstructuredeformedanddamaged.塔吊的部分平台以及钢结构发生变形和损害。Noscrewboltfastenedformeetingstilejoint,onlybindingbyironwire.平台阶梯结合处的螺栓没有拧紧，且仅仅通过铁丝来固定。AirLiquide,theworldleaderingasesforindustry,healthandtheenvironment.6Background背景Description描述Becausethe2ndstagecoolercorehadleakage,sotheclientusedthetravellingcranetoliftthecore,butwhentheyintendedtoputdownthecoretoflooratabout5meters,thecoreslidefromslingstoearthonsealingheadside,thentheothersideofcorehitthegroundagain.Thisincidentmadetheflangesandnozzlesonthesealingheadbend,andtheframewithblocksbentlikewave.由于2级冷却器内部存在渗漏，客户便使用移动式起重机将冷却器内核吊起。但是，当他们试图在距离地面5米的高度将冷却器内核放下时，内核的封头侧发生滑落，从而导致内核的另一侧撞击到地面。此次事故导致封头侧的法兰以及管口撞弯，同时导致整个换热器框架弯曲成波浪状。stilejointAirLiquide,theworldleaderingasesforindustry,healthandtheenvironment.7Background背景Twopiecessteelplates(each3.5mX2.5m)tobeusedontheground地面上用了两块钢板，每个的尺寸为长3.5米，宽2.5米Thecranestandsaheadover1meteroutofthesteelplateandrestonthesoilground起重机坐落的位置超出钢板1米，超出部分落在了泥土里Thesoilisverysoftandcanfindthewatercollected土地非常松软，而且能发现积聚的水。Themiddlepartofthecranestandsonthefoundationofthebeamwhichpreventsthecranedownwardtogetherwithitsforeside起重机的中部坐落一根梁上，导致起重机不能与其前部同时向下运动。Theliftedsteeltruss(10tons)需要吊装的钢结构（10吨）AirLiquide,theworldleaderingasesforindustry,healthandtheenvironment.8Unsafefoundationcanresultinthetippingofthecrane不安全的地基会导致起重机的侧翻。Background背景AirLiquide,theworldleaderingasesforindustry,healthandtheenvironment.9Improperloadsorspeedscanresultinthetippingofthecrane不合理的载重或者速度会导致起重机侧翻。Background背景AirLiquide,theworldleaderingasesforindustry,healthandtheenvironment.10ImproperLoad不合理的载重Background背景AirLiquide,theworldleaderingasesforindustry,healthandtheenvironment.11ImproperLoad不合理的载重Background背景AirLiquide,theworldleaderingasesforindustry,healthandtheenvironment.12Background背景MovieShow视频AirLiquide,theworldleaderingasesforindustry,healthandtheenvironment.13Objective目的Thistrainingmaterialisintendtotellyou:此培训材料为了告诉我们：Thesafetyuseofcraneonsite现场起重机的安全使用Therisksofthecraneliftingexisted吊装过程中存在的风险Whatkindsofrulesyouneedtotakeinadvance吊装之前需要遵守的标准Thesafetyinspectionandrecordforcraneusing使用的起重机的安全检查和记录AirLiquide,theworldleaderingasesforindustry,healthandtheenvironment.14Definitionofcrane起重机的定义Crane–Consistsofarotatingstructureforliftingandloweringhorizontallyonrubbertiresorcrawlertreads由一个在橡胶轮胎上，在水平方向可以上升和下降的旋转结构组成Thesefollowingformsofliftingequipmentsmaybeusedonsite:现场可能使用的吊装设备的类型：Conventionallatticeboomcrawlercranes传统的桁架起重臂履带吊Conventionallatticeboomtruckcranes,(friction/hydraulic)传统的桁架起重臂式汽车吊（摩擦/液压驱动）Towercranes(alltypes)塔吊(所有类型)Pilingequipment打桩设备AirLiquide,theworldleaderingasesforindustry,healthandtheenvironment.15Riskanalysis风险分析Therearemanyrisksexistedwhileusingthecraneimproperly:不正确的使用起重机会存在以下危险：Poorconditionoftheliftingequipments(Includinghookandsling)起重设备质量问题（吊钩和吊索）Boomorcranecontactwithenergizedpowerlines吊杆或起重机碰到带电的电源线Workunderthehookliftingdevice(co-activity),在吊钩提升设备下方工作（同时作业）Overturnedcranes,倾覆Droppingloads,货物脱钩Boomcollapse,吊杆断裂Counterweightuncontrolledmovement,配重失去控制Outriggeruse,吊车支腿的使用Poorweatherconditions,恶劣天气状况Riggingfailures索具失效AirLiquide,theworldleaderingasesforindustry,healthandtheenvironment.16Riskanalysis风险分析Improperusingofthecrane不合理的使用吊车AirLiquide,theworldleaderingasesforindustry,healthandtheenvironment.17Risksprecautions风险预防Liftingplan起重计划Beforeexecutingaliftingjobinconstructionorcommissioningsite,iftheweightoftheliftingequipmentsequalormorethan10t,thesub-contractorshalldevelopaliftingplanandsubmittoALHZsiteHSEleadengineerforapproval.在施工或调试现场实施起重作业前,假如起重设备重量等于或超过10吨，分包商需在作业前制订起重计划，并交由ALHZ现场HSE主管确认BeforeexecutingaliftingjobinMF,iftheweightof