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BasicwinecourseTableofcontents目录一:definitionofwine二:componentsofwine三:typesofwine四:winemaking五:mainwinecountries六:maingrapevarieties七:winelabels八:winelist九:wineservice一:葡萄酒的定义二:葡萄酒成分三:葡萄酒种类四:葡萄酒酿造程序五:主要葡萄酒产出国六:主要葡萄品种七:酒标八:葡萄酒单九:葡萄酒服务Definitionofwine葡萄酒的定义定义如下:Ripe&healthygrapes成熟健康的葡萄Crushtheberries,releasethejuiceandaddyeasttothemust压榨浆果,使果汁流出,并把酵母加入其中Fermentationconvertssugarintoalcohol发酵把糖分转化为酒精WINEISFERMENTEDGARPEJUICE葡萄酒是经过发酵的葡萄汁Componentsofwine葡萄酒成分ComponentsofwineFlavorcompounds————————————0.1%Color&Tannins(inredwines)———————0.3%Acids——————————————————1%Sugar———————————0.1%dry—8%sweetAlcohol———10%tablewines~20%fortifiedwinesWater———————————————80%-90%Notes:Approximatepercentagesbyweight葡萄酒成分含香物质————————————————0.1%色素和单宁(红葡萄酒)—————————0.3%酸————————————————————1%糖份——————————————0.1%干—8%甜酒精—————————餐酒10%~加强葡萄酒20%水份————————————————80%~90%注:以上为重量的大约百分比Typesofwine葡萄酒种类Typesofwine(Bywinemakingprocess)SPARKLINGWINE:①Champagne②Cava③OtherSparklingwinesSTILLWINE:①Red②white③RoseFORTIFIEDWINE:Portsherry葡萄酒种类(按生产工艺分)起泡酒:①香槟②卡瓦③其他起泡酒普通葡萄酒:①红葡萄酒②白葡萄酒③玫瑰红加强葡萄酒:波特酒雪利酒Typesofwine(Byservicesequenceduringameal)BeginningofthemealSUGARALCOHOLlowAperitif:Drysherry,ChampagnelowTbalewine:RedWhiteRoseDessertwine:Botrytis,Icewine,Port,LateHarvestDigestive:LiquorsGrappahighEndofthemealhigh葡萄酒种类(按用餐时上酒顺序分)糖份酒精低餐前酒:干雪利酒,香槟酒低餐酒:红,白,玫瑰葡萄酒甜酒:贵腐酒,冰酒,波特酒晚收葡萄酒餐后消化酒:利口酒果渣酒高高用餐结束Winemakingprocess葡萄酒酿造程序RedwineMakingProcess红葡萄酒酿制过程①Redgrapesarefirstcrushedandde-stemmed,thenplacedintoacontainer红葡萄先去梗压榨,然后放入容器②Thealcoholicfermentationwillstart,atthesametimemacerationistakingplace接下来,酒精发酵就开始了,浸渍也在同步进行③Duringthattimethetannins,flavorsandcoloringsubstanceswilldissolveintowhatisgoingtobecomewine(themust)在此期间,单宁,香味及颜色等物质逐渐溶解入即将产生的葡萄酒中WhiteWineMakingProcess白葡萄酒酿制过程Whilstredwinesareproducedwithskinsandpips,thespecificityofwhitewinemakingprocessliesintheabsenceofmaceration红葡萄酒带皮和籽一起发酵,而白葡萄酒酿制过程的特别之处在于没有浸渍Whenmakingawhitewine,thejuiceisseparatedfromtheskinsimmediately酿制白葡萄酒时,果汁和果皮是在压榨后马上分离的,酿酒时,只用葡萄汁。RoseWineMakingProcess玫瑰红葡萄酒酿制过程Ifyouallowonlyafewhoursofmaceration,thewinewillpickupcolorfromtheskins,sothewineisonlyslightedtainted,thenfermentationoccursnormallywithoutcontactwiththeskins.如果仅有短时间的浸渍,葡萄酒的颜色就不会很深,接下来的发酵过程中液体将不再接触到葡萄皮OnlyChampagnecanusethedirectblendingofwhiteandredwinestoproducerosewines只有香槟可以直接使用白葡萄酒和红葡萄酒的混合来调制玫瑰葡萄酒SparklingwinemakingProcess起泡葡萄酒的酿制过程Duringasecondfermentation,yeastconvertssugarintoalcoholandgas(Co2)在第二次发酵过程中,酵母把糖转化为酒精和气体(二氧化碳)Threemethods——三种方法①:secondaryfermentationinbottle——瓶中二次发酵②:secondaryfermentationinatank——桶中二次发酵③:carbonation——二氧化碳法Mainwinecountries主要葡萄酒产出国新旧世界葡萄酒NewZealandSouthAfricaChileArgentinaAustraliaGermanyItalySpainFranceTheUSAPortugal“旧世界”葡萄酒•主要分布在欧洲。•酒标都有法定产区名称。•有好几百年的酿酒历史。•果香,酸度,及单宁趋向于均衡,能长期保存。“新世界”葡萄酒•主要集中在南半球。•前标都有葡萄品种注明。•只有一两百年的酿酒历史。•适合于浅龄饮用,口感强劲,果味充足。GrapeVarieties葡萄品种Summary摘要8000grapevarietiesknownintheworld世界上目前已知的葡萄品种有8000种1000grapevarietiesusedforwinearoundtheworld世界上大约有1000种葡萄被制成葡萄酒200traditionallyusedinItaly意大利大约使用200种葡萄100traditionallyusedinFrance法国大约使用100种葡萄50traditionallyusedinSpain西班牙大概使用50种葡萄Grapevariety,amajorfactorintasteofawine不同的葡萄品种,是影响葡萄酒品尝的主要因素MainGrapeVarieties主要葡萄品种赤霞珠CabernetSauvignonThickskinsandsmallberries.Lafite黑皮诺PinotNoirLargeBerriesandtightbunches.Light.梅洛MerlotBetterthanCabernetincoldweather.Rich.Petrus设拉子/西拉Shiraz/SyrahGrangeCabernetSauvignon赤霞珠AclassicBordeauxgrape传统波尔多葡萄品种Full–bodied,tannic酒体饱满,单宁丰富Verycomplex,longevolution口味丰富,陈年长Blackcurrant,violet黑加仑,紫罗兰Merlot梅洛AclassicBordeauxgrape传统波尔多葡萄品种Suppleandround口感柔顺,饱满Blackandredcherry黑色及红色樱桃Chocolate巧克力Pinotnoir黑皮诺KingofBurgundy勃艮第之王Cherry,raspberry樱桃,覆盆子Spicenotes稍带辛辣Earthycomplexities泥土气息Asilkytexture,Littletannins丝般柔滑,单宁较淡Shiraz西拉FromRhoneregion,France来自法国罗纳河谷地区RichblackandredBerryfruit,plum丰富的黑色、红色浆果及李子味Gameandspicecomplexity丰富的野味及辛辣味Moreintenseandearthythanzinfandel比增芳德更紧凑,泥土气息更重SauvignonBlanc苏维翁白Riesling雷司令Chardonnay夏多内Chardonnay莎当尼NativetoBurgundy源于法国勃艮第地区Versatileandcomplex复杂多变Goodageingpotential很好的储藏潜力Citrus柑橘味Tropicalfruit热带水果味Sauvignonblanc苏维翁白Bordeaux,centralLoire,newZealand波尔多,卢瓦尔河中部,新西兰Crispacidity易碎,偏酸Dryandaromatic干性,芬芳Fruityandgrassy果香浓郁有青草味Riesling雷司令AGermanvariety,growninalsace,southAustralia,Washingtonstateetc德国葡萄品种,在阿尔萨斯,南澳,华盛顿州都有种植Versatile(dry,tartwinetoSweetlate-harvestwine)变化多样(可在干酒到晚收型甜酒间变化)Effusivefruitaromas。Apple,citrus,peach极丰富的水果味,苹果,柑橘,桃子Lime,honey,toast石灰,蜂蜜,土司Winelabels酒标Howtoreadwinelabel怎样解读酒标Usualcontentsofalabel酒标里包含的内容Winery酒庄名Vintage年份Alcohollevel酒精含量Netvolume净含量Nameofwine酒名Newworld新世界Grapevariety葡萄品种Oldworle旧世界Appellation产地Classification等级智利卡尼帕酒庄.顶级金奖卡本妮苏维翁红葡萄酒Brandname品牌名称Labelname产品名称Grape:CabernetSauvignon葡萄品种:卡本妮苏维翁Origin:D.O.Colchagua产地:科查瓜山谷Alcohol&Volume酒精度&容量ProduceofChile生产国家:智利Vintage年份NewWorldlabel新世界品牌酒标DBRLAFITEChateauLafiteRothschild拉菲古堡红葡萄酒Ablendofthe3finestgrapevarietiesfromBordeaux:Caberne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