职业健康和安全培训-Slide1

OccupationalHealthandSafetyTraining职业健康和安全培训ChemicalSafety化学安全ExcellenceonaGlobalScaleOHS32Objectives目标Bytheendofthissession,youwillbeableto:通过本节,您将能–Identifythedifferentchemicalhazardclasses识别不同的化学危害类别–Identifysafeproceduresforhandlingchemicals识别处理化学品的安全程序–Identifyhealthhazardsfordifferentchemicalhazardclasses识别不同化学危害类别的健康危害–Identifyfirstaidproceduresfordifferentchemicalhazardclasses识别不同化学危害类别的急救措施ExcellenceonaGlobalScaleOHS33ExposureLimits接触限ExposureLimit接触限–Themaximumallowedairborneconcentrationofachemical允许的化学品空气中的最高浓度–Notintendedtorepresentafinelinebetweensafeandharmfulconditions有旨在于安全和危害条件中划一清晰的线–itisnotpossibletotakeintoaccountallfactorswhichcouldinfluencetheeffectthatexposuretothesubstancemayhaveonanindividualworker不可能考虑可能影响员工与化学品接触而产生作用所有因素–theguidingprincipleiseliminationofexposureorreductiontothelowestlevelthatisreasonablyachievablebelowtheexposurelimit指南性原则就是消除接触,或减少至最低限ExcellenceonaGlobalScaleOHS34ExposureLimitscont’d接触限Exposurelimitsareexpressedas接触限表示为–8-hourexposurelimit8小时接触限–15-minuteexposurelimit15分钟接触限–ceilinglimit最高限ExcellenceonaGlobalScaleOHS35ExposureLimits:8-HourLimit8小时接触限Thetimeweightedaverageconcentrationofasubstanceinairwhichmaynotbeexceededoveranormal8hourworkperiod在空气中的平均浓度,不能超过8个小时的工作时间Aworkercanbeexposedtothisexposurelimitdayafterday,withoutarespirator,withnoadversehealtheffects员工每天可以如此接触化学品,可以不带防毒面具,对员工健康不会产生负面影响ExcellenceonaGlobalScaleOHS36ExposureLimits:15-MinuteLimit15分钟接触限Thetimeweightedaverageconcentrationofasubstanceinairwhichmaynotbeexceededoverany15minuteperiod在空气中的平均浓度,不能超过15分钟Staffexposureislimitedtonomorethan4suchperiodsinan8hourworkshiftwithatleastonehourbetweenany2successive15minutesexcursionperiods员工在8个小时内,接触时间不得超过4个15分钟.并且间隔1小时远离化学品ExcellenceonaGlobalScaleOHS37CeilingExposureLimit最高限Theconcentrationofasubstanceinairwhichmaynotbeexceededatanytimeduringtheworkperiod工作期间,空气间的浓度任何时间都不能超过ExcellenceonaGlobalScaleOHS38ChemicalHazards化学危害Chemicalhazardsaredefinedaccordingtooneofsixhazardcategories:按化学品分类规定有六类化学危害(A)–Compressedgases压缩气体(B)–Flammableandcombustible可燃物/易燃物(C)–Oxidizing氧化物(D)–Toxic毒性(E)–Corrosive腐蚀性(F)–DangerouslyReactiveMaterials危害反应的物质ExcellenceonaGlobalScaleOHS39ClassA–CompressedGasesA类—压缩气体ExcellenceonaGlobalScaleOHS310ClassA–CompressedGasescont’dA类—压缩气体ClassA–compressedgasesA类—压缩气体–compressedgases,dissolvedgasesorgasesliquefiedbycompressionorrefrigerationwithinreinforcedmetalcylinders.压缩气体,溶解气体,在加固的金属汽瓶被压力或冷却液化的气体ExcellenceonaGlobalScaleOHS311ClassA–CylinderSafetyA类—气瓶安全MishandledCylinders气瓶操作失误–Mayruptureviolentlyandreleasetheirhazardouscontentsorbecomedangerousprojectiles猛烈断开,释放出危害品,或发射性危害–Iftheneckofapressurizedcylinderisaccidentallybrokenoff,theenergyreleasedcanpropelthecylinderupto1200meters.如果压力瓶颈突然断裂,释放出的能力可以将气瓶弹至1200米DamagedCylinders损坏的气瓶–Returntomanufacturer退回生产商ExcellenceonaGlobalScaleOHS312ClassA–CylinderSafetycont’dA类—气瓶安全CylinderwithUnknownContent未知内容的气瓶–Returntomanufacturer退回生产商MovingCylinders移动气瓶–Wearappropriatefootprotection穿上适当的脚部防护ChemicalSafety化学安全–HaveappropriateMSDS’savailable得到适当的物质安全数据表–Befamiliarwiththehealthrisks,flammabilityandreactivityhazardsforaparticulargas.熟悉健康危害,可燃性,与特定气体的反应危害Ensuretheyareproperlylabeled确保适当标记–Identityofgas气体标识–Hazards危害ExcellenceonaGlobalScaleOHS313CylinderStorage气瓶的存放Storeawayfromincompatiblegroups与不相容品分开存放–flammablesfromoxidizers可燃物与氧化剂分开–corrosivesfromflammables腐蚀物与可燃物分开–fullcylindersfromempties满瓶与空瓶分开–allcylindersfromcorrosivevapors所有气瓶远离腐蚀性蒸气–oxygencylindersmustbeaminimumof6metersawayfromflammablegascylindersorcombustiblematerials氧气瓶须与可燃性气瓶或易燃性物质分离至少6米ExcellenceonaGlobalScaleOHS314CylinderStorage气瓶存放Secureemptyandfullcylinderstoafixedsupportbyuseofchains,orothersubstantialrestrainingdevice用链条或其它坚固的控制装置固定空瓶或装满气体的气瓶Storeupright直立存放Keepvalveprotectivecapsinplacewhilenotinuse不用时,将安全阀门的盖盖好MarkemptycylindersEMPTY将空瓶标记“空瓶”Keepvalvesclosedonemptycylinders空瓶气阀拧紧Keepawayfromsourcesofheat远离热源ExcellenceonaGlobalScaleOHS315CylinderStoragecont’d气瓶存放Keepawayfromelectricalwiring远离电线Storeinwellventilatedareasdesignedandmarkedonlyforcylinders在良好通风的地方存放,并标明仅存放气瓶ExcellenceonaGlobalScaleOHS316MovingCylinders移动气瓶Placecylinderonacylindercart气瓶放在气瓶专用手推车上Securecylindertocartwithachain.用链子将气瓶固定在手推车上Removeregulatorandattachprotectivevalvecapbeforemovingthecylinder.移动前,拿掉调节阀,盖上防护盖Donotholdcylinderbytheprotectivecapwhenmovingorlifting移动或抬升过程中,不要以防护盖为把手Donotdrop不要跌落Donotallowcylinderstostrikeeachother气瓶不得相互撞击Handlewithextremecare移动时特别小心ExcellenceonaGlobalScaleOHS317CylinderUse气瓶使用Ensureallconnectionsaretight确保所有连接紧密–Applysoapywatertolocateleaks用肥皂水检验漏气Keepvalves,regulators,couplings,hoseandapparatuscleanandfreeofoilandgrease保持阀,调节阀,联结处,软管和仪器清洁,没有滑腻Donotattempttorepairsafetydevicesandvalves–returntomanufacturer不要修复安全装置和阀,退回生产商Opencylindervalvesslowly慢慢打开气阀–Standawayfromthefaceandbackofthegaugewhileopening打开时不要面对压力计的表面和背面ExcellenceonaGlobalScaleOHS318ClassB–FlammableandCombustibleLiquidsB类—可燃和易燃液体ExcellenceonaGlobalScaleOHS319ClassB–FlammableandCombustibleLiquidsB类—可燃和易燃液体Definition:定义–Flamma