风机系统培训资料

风机系统节能技术DefineProcessNeeds风机系统应用•Transport运输•Feed进料•Shape成型•Ventilate通风•Grind打磨•Heat加热•Cool冷却•Clean清洁•Dry干燥•Mix混合Efficiency能效%100%100输入输出效率InputOutputFanSystemEfficiency风机系统效率PlantPower100%95%Left90%Left58%Left29%LeftMotorLoss5%DriveLoss5%FanLoss35%SystemDamperLoss50%MotorBeltDriveFanProcess工厂总功率剩余95%剩余90100%剩余58%剩余29%电机损失5%驱动损失5%风机损失35%系统挡板损失50%电机皮带传动风机工艺TypicalPlantSystem典型的工厂系统InputEnergyWastedEnergyProcessNeeds输入能源工艺需求浪费的能源AchievingaMatch实现匹配InputEnergyProcessNeeds工艺需要输入能源EnergyLaw能量守恒定律EnergyCannotBeCreatedorDestroyed能量既不能创造也不能消灭DestructiveEnergy无用能量Heat&Vapor热和蒸汽Vibration&Noise震动和噪音DollarCostsofDestructiveEnergy无用能量的经济代价•Equipmentbreakdowns设备故障•Idleworkers工人没活干•Morerejects废品增加•Reducedproductivity生产力下降•Highermaintenanceandrepaircosts维修工作量及维修费增大•Priorityshippingcharges急件运输费增加•Spoiledproductcleanupanddisposal报废产品清理和处理费用•Higherenergycost能源成本提高HumanCostsofDestructiveEnergy无用能源的人力代价•Fatiguedorunhappyworkers造成工人疲乏或不舒适•Workerswithhearingdamage损害工人听力•Disruptedfamilylifeofmechanicsw/beepers打乱了配有警报器的机修工的家庭生活•Disruptedschedule造成倒班混乱•Latedelivery,angrycustomers迟交货，客户不满意•Spoiledproductmesstocleanupanddisposeof报废产品清理和处理FanSystemCosts风机系统成本•Labor劳动力•Repair维修•Capital投资•Energy能源•Breakdownlosses故障损失Low低Low低Medium中High高VeryHigh非常高QuickPaybackFanOpportunities风机系统节能投资回收期短的机会Lookfor寻找•Fixedpositiondamper固定挡板•Throttlecontrol节流控制•Paddle-wheelfans叶轮风机•Poorductconnections风管连接不当FanTypesandApplications风机类型及应用PropellerFans叶轮风机CommonlyusedinLowpressure,Lowvolumeapplications通常用于低压,小风量应用场合–Coolingtower–Wallexhaust–Roofexhaust–Homewindow–冷却塔–墙壁排风–屋顶排风–房间窗户排风NotveryefficientNoisyNotabletogeneratemuchpressure效率不是非常高存在噪音不能产生太高的压力DiagramCourtesyAMCA该图表为AMCA版权所有VaneAxialFans叶片轴流风机Usedwherelargequantitiesofairareneededatmodestpressures用于中压，大空气流量的场合–Tunnelventilation–Largebuildingventilation–ProcessAir–隧道通风–大型建筑通风–工艺需要的空气•CanbeveryEfficient•CanbeVariablepitch•效率可以非常高•可变节距调整DiagramCourtesyAMCA该图表为AMCA版权所有VaneAxialfansInstallWithDiffuserifPossible叶片轴流风机尽可能安装扩压器CentrifugalFans离心风机•CandevelopRelativelyhighpressures-5000Paandhigher•Singleordoubleinlet•Varietyofbearingandmotorconfiguration•Varietyofpressureclasses•能够产生相对高的压力-5000Pa及更高•单进气口或双进气口•可以配置各种轴承和电动机•具有各种压力等级DiagramCourtesyAMCA该图表为AMCA版权所有CentrifugalFanEfficiencies离心风机效率•Radialblade50-60%径向叶片•Radialtip50-65%径向叶尖•Forwardcurved45-65%前曲叶片•Backwardinclined55-70%后倾叶片•Backwardcurved55-70后曲叶片•Airfoil60-75%•翼型叶片DoubleWidthCentrifugalFan双宽度离心风机•Canhandlelargervolumesofair•Impellerforcesbalanced(nothrust)•Makesductedinletstrickier•可以处理更大流量的空气•叶轮的各个作用力得到平衡(无推力)•使管道连接的进口更先进DiagramCourtesyAMCA该图表为AMCA版权所有RadialBladedImpeller径向叶片状叶轮•Simpletobuild•Leastexpensive•Canhandlematerialintheairstream•veryhighpressurecapability•Lowestefficiency50-60%•结构简单•成本最低廉•可以处理空气流中的物质•能够产生非常高的压力•效率最低，只有50-60%ForwardCurvedImpeller前曲叶轮•Usually24to64shallowcup-shapedblades•Sensitivetodirt•Veryinexpensive•Commonlyfoundinresidentialairsystems•通常情况下为24到64个浅杯形叶片。•对污垢非常敏感•不十分昂贵•通常用于民用通风系统BackwardCurvedImpeller后曲叶轮•EfficiencynearlyashighasAirfoilfans•9-16Singlethicknessblades•Cantoleratesomedirt•Verysimilartobackwardinclined•效率高，接近翼形风机•9-16个单厚度叶片•可以耐受一定程度的污垢•具有后倾叶轮的特点BackwardInclinedImpeller后倾叶轮•Similarinperformancetothebackwardcurvedimpeller性能与后曲叶轮相似AirfoilImpeller翼形叶轮•Mostefficientofallcentrifugalfandesigns•9-16blades•Self-limitingonpowerathighflow•doublethicknessbladesexpensivetoconstruct•Needscleanair•所有离心风机机型中效率最高的•9-16个叶片•在高流量是自限制功率•双厚度的叶片，建造成本较高。•需要清洁的空气RadialBladedBlowers径向叶片鼓风机•Blowerstypicallygenerateover5000Papressure•Oftensingleinlet•Basicallysameasaradialbladedfanexcepthigherspeed•通常情况下能够产生5000Pa以上的压力•通常采用单进气口•与径向叶片风机基本相同，但速度更高。Multi-StageCentrifugal多级离心风机•Usedintankaerationandotherapplicationsthatrequirehighpressure•Caneasilydevelop50,000Pa(andhigher)pressure•Highlysophisticatedhighspeedmachines•AvoidSurge•用于槽罐的通风（加气）以及其它需要高压力的使用场合。•能够轻易产生50,000Pa(以及更高的)压力。•技术先进，运行速度更高的机械。•防止出现喘振AerationTank加气池(3.5mdeep)（3.5米深）PositiveDisplacementBlower正排量鼓风机•Cangenerateveryhighpressure•needsreliefvalve•Notacentrifugalload•能够产生非常高的压力•需要安装减压阀•不是离心负荷FanFlow,PressurePowerandEfficiency风机的流量、压力、功率和效率FanPowerLaw风机功率定律pKPQHHKPQpFanCurve风机性能曲线Pressure压力Flow流量PQFanCurve风机性能曲线FanCurve风机性能曲线Pressure压力Flow流量PQFanPowerCurve风机功率曲线Power功率Flow流量FanPerformance风机性能曲线DiagramCourtesyAMCAPtPstsHAffinityLawSpeedChange速度改变的相似定律FanCurveatHighSpeed高速时风机曲线Pressure压力Flow流量FanCurveatLowerSpeed低速时风机曲线SimplifiedAffinityLaws简化的相似定律32NNHHNNPPNNQQccccccSimplifiedAffinityLawsforFanSpeedChangeExample风机速度变化时简化相似定律（示例）SpeedChangeExample速度变化示例Originaloperationat1200rpm:Flow23.595m3/sPressure3000PaPower128,700W在1200rpm下的初始运行状况：流量：23.595m3/s压力：3000Pa功率：128,700WChange(slow)samefanto840rpm:将同一风机的转速降低（减慢）至840rpm：32NNHHNNPPNNQQcccccc144,44343.0700,1287.0700,128470,149.030007.03000517.167.0595.237.0120084032ccccccHHPPQNNFanEfficiency风机效率Pressure压力Flow流量FanCurve风机曲线Iso-efficiencylines等效率线75%70%65%60%OperatingPoints工作点FanCurve(slower)风机曲线（慢速）Pressure压力Flow流量FanCurve风机曲线SystemCurve系统曲线1