人力资源管理与企业战略

Distinctivehumanresourcesarefirms'corecompetenciesBCGMcKinsey吸引有经验的业界人士强调不同背景和企业家精神直接投入工作外部培训创业/创新环境着眼于个人的激励性薪酬员工离职一般自己创业战略：客户化解决方案校园招聘倾向于技术背景在咨询方面“一张白纸”全面的内部培训员工离职一般就任公司高级经理战略：标准化的产品富有特色的人力资源是公司的核心竞争力SearsNordstrom严格、科学的招聘测试全面的精细的培训（产品知识、操作系统、推销技巧）通过定期的员工调查了解员工的态度和士气直接工资为主，佣金为辅的薪酬制度以日用品为主的零售连锁店分散化的招聘，无正式考试应聘者要具有与客户交往的经历强调雇员的判断力和自主性按业绩排名，内部晋升，末位淘汰佣金制时尚导向的零售连锁店富有特色的人力资源是公司的核心竞争力FedExUPS分权化：员工被授权采取一切措施完成工作没有细致的条例精细的导向课程，发达的沟通渠道，确保员工得到充分信息每六个月进行一次互动（交谈）技能测试技能工资制外部招聘集中于隔夜快递通过时间动作分析规定工作细节规定工作标准并传达给员工，天天评估每个人的工作除集体谈判签约外没有员工参与高工资、高福利，提供收益分享计划和股票期权计划内部晋升宽产品线，流水化生产富有特色的人力资源是公司的核心竞争力Coca-ColaPepsi雇佣大学毕业生集中、细致的培训工作安全性内部晋升资历为基础的工资家庭文化集中决策针对部门、公司层次的业绩评估维持地位和形象招聘有经验的人工作安全性低鼓励个人间的竞争，提拔竞争优胜者股票期权计划员工忠诚度低分权化针对个人的业绩评定通过多元化占领市场空档富有特色的人力资源是公司的核心竞争力SHRMisthelinkingofHRMwithstrategicgoalsandobjectivesinordertoimprovebusinessperformanceanddeveloporganizationalculturesthatfosterinnovationandflexibility.SHRMisthepatternofplannedhumanresourcedeploymentandactivitiesintendedtoenableanorganizationtoachieveitsgoals.Strategichumanresourcesmanagementislargelyaboutintegrationandadaptation.Itsconcernistoensurethat:(1)humanresources(HR)managementisfullyintegratedwiththestrategyandthestrategicneedsofthefirm;(2)HRpoliciescoherebothacrosspolicyareasandacrosshierarchies;and(3)HRpracticesareadjusted,accepted,andusedbylinemanagersandemployeesaspartoftheireverydaywork.StrategicHumanResourceManagementThe5-PModelORGANIZATIONALSTRTEGYInitiatestheprocessofidentifyingstrategicbusinessneedsandprovidesspecificqualitiestothemSTRTEGICBUSINESSNEEDSExpressedinmissionstatementsorvisionstatementsandtranslateintostrategicbusinessobjectivesEXTERNALCHARACTERISTICSSTRATEGICHUMANRESOURCESMANAGEMENTACTIVITIESINTERNALCHARACTERISTICSLinkingStrategicBusinessNeeds&StrategicHRMActivitiesPepsi-ColaInternational’sstrategyBeingNo.1byCreatingValuethroughLeadershipandExcellence.ThefastestgrowingThemostcommittedtocustomerserviceandattunedtocustomerneedsThebestoperatorsThebestsellingandmarketingcompanyThebestpeople-orientedcompanyThe5-PModelPCI’sstrategicbusinessobjectivesCommittedbottlingorganizationUncompromisingdedicationtoqualityDevelopmentoftalentedpeopleFocusongrowthQualitybusinessplansThe5-PModelHumanResourcesPoliciesExpressedassharedvalues(guidelines)HumanResourcesPhilosophyExpressedinstatementsdefiningbusinessvaluesandcultureHumanResourcesProgramsArticulatedasHumanResourcesStrategiesHumanResourcesPracticesForleadership,managerial,andoperationalrolesHumanResourcesProcessesFortheformulationandimplementationofotheractivitiesExpresshowtotreatandvaluepeopleEstablishesguidelinesforactiononpeople-relatedbusinessissuesandHRprogramsCoordinateseffortstofacilitatechangetoaddressmajorpeople-relatedbusinessissuesMotivatesneededrolebehaviorsDefineshowtheseactivitiesarecarriedoutThe5-PModelSTRATEGICHUMANRESOURCESMANAGEMENTACTIVITIES1.HUMANRESOURCESPHILOSOPHYThisisastatementofhowtheorganizationregardsitshumanresources,whatroletheresourcesplayintheoverallsuccessofthebusiness,andhowtheyaretobetreatedandmanaged.InsteadofusingthetermsHRphilosophyorHRvaluestodescribehowhumanresourcesareregarded,treated,andmanaged,someorganizationsusethetermculture.The5-PModelAstatementofthecultureatPCILEADERSHIPINPEOPLEWewilldevelopanexcellentorganizationfocusedonbuildingthebusinessby:EmpoweringpeopletodrivethebusinessfromtheclosestpointtothemarketDevelopingtherightskillstobethebestinthebusinessBuildingcareeropportunitiesBuildingteamwork:WithbottlerstoensurethatwemaintainstrongpartnershipsAmongarea,division,andheadquartersstafftoensurethatwecoordinatefunctionalstrengthstoproducethebestpossibleresultsAcrossmarketstoensurethatwesharethebestpracticesthroughouttheenterpriseHelpingpeoplesucceedbybuildinganenvironmentwith:HighintegrityStrongandconsistentvaluesContinuousimprovementThe5-PModel:PHILOSOPHYLEADERSHIPINOURBRANDSWewillachievebrandsuperiorityby:Deliveringthebestproductsinthemarketplace:ThehighestqualityThebesttastingThemostconsistentCommunicatingthesebenefitsinahigh-impact,persuasiveandconsistentmannerLEADERSHIPINMARKETINGWewillbuildonourbrandplatformsby:Creatingnewbrand,channel,andpackagesegmentsthatbuildthebusiness:FasteroffthemarkBetterideasQuickertocreateandtakeadvantageofopportunitiesThe5-PModel:AstatementofthecultureatPCILEADERSHIPINOPERATIONSWewillbuildexcellenceinourownandbottleroperationsby:Beingthelow-costproducerEstablishingandmaintainingastrongfocusoncustomerservicesandsalesmanagement.ThesecornerstoneswillmakeusthebestsalescompanyStandardizingoperatingsystemsto:EnhanceourabilitytoprovidethehighestlevelofcustomerserviceDevelopanabilitytomeasureandmanagekeyparametersofthebusinessinaconsistentfashionProvideacommonsetofpracticesanddisciplinesfortheorganizationThe5-PModel:AstatementofthecultureatPCI2.HUMANRESOURCESPOLICIESAllofthesestatementsprovideguidelinesforactiononpeople-relatedbusinessissuesandforthedevelopmentofHRprogramsandpracticesbasedonstrategicneeds.ThetermHRPolicy,asusedhere,doesnotmeanHRPolicyManua