Hydronephrosis英文

HydronephrosisDept.OfUrology.shanghaiRenjihospitalWANGYIXINEtologyofhydronephrosis1.PrimaryhydroneprosisintrinsicstrinsicstrictruehighinsertionoftheureterPUJnephroptosisextrisiccompresionrenalpelvisstoneortumorEtologyofhydronephrosis2.Secondaryhydronephrosisvisicoureteralrefluxobstructiondistaltotheureteropelvicjunction:stone,tumor,extrinsicureteralcompression,myoneurogenicdisease,ureterocele,CAB,caofpelvicviscerabladderouterobstruction:CAP,BPHurethralobstructionpregnancyPathologyofhydronephrosis1.firstshowsevidenceofhyperactivityandhypertrophythandilatationandatony2.muscularlossofperistalticactivity3.atrophyoftherenalparenchyma4.compressionofthearcuatevesselsischmicatrophySymptomsandsignsofhydronephrosis1.asymptomatic(insomecases)2.painisfeltintherenalarea3.hematuria4.urinaryinfection,dysuriafrequency5.calculi6.azotemia7.unexplainedvagueGIsymptoms8.somelargehydronephrosiscanbepalpableDiagnosisofhydronephrosis1.symptomsandsigns2.ultrasound3.IVU4.Cystourethralgram5.Cystoscopy6.RGP7.Delayedempty8.Isotoperenography9.urinecultureTreatmentofhydronephrosis1.U.T.I.Antibiotictherapy2.Promptdrainage3correctedtothecause4.Reliefoflowertractobstructioncatheterdrainage,urinarydiversion,indwellingpigtailureteralcatheter5.Nephrectomy(tumorornonfunctionkidney)PrognosisofhydronephrosisDepondsonthecause,site,duration,anddegreeofkidneydamage.