第二章美国总统就职演说汉译

第二章美国总统就职演说汉译第一节第二节Original21:Amongthevicissitudesincidenttolifenoeventcouldhavefilledmewithgreateranxietiesthanthatofwhichthenotificationwastransmittedbyyourorder,andreceivedonthe14thdayofthepresentmonth.Ontheonehand,Iwassummonedbymycountry,whosevoiceIcanneverhearbutwithvenerationandlove,fromaretreatwhichIhadchosenwiththefondestpredilection,andinmyflatteringhopes,withanimmutabledecision,astheasylumofmydecliningyears–aretreatwhichwasrenderedeverydaymorenecessaryaswellasmoredeartomebytheadditionofhabittoinclination,andoffrequentinterruptioninmyhealthtothegradualwastecommittedonitbytime.•（GeorgeWashington,•TheExperimentoftheAmericanPeople）1)Analysisoftheoriginal:•A)Grammaticalanalysis•B)Stylisticanalysis•C)BackgroundknowledgeA)Grammaticalanalysis:•(1)Sentencestructure•(2)Additionalcomplication•(3)Notes•(4)Paraphrase(1)Sentencestructure：•Theselectionconsistsoftwosentences,ofwhichthefirstisacomplexsentence,composedofamainclauseandasubordinateclauseservingastheobjectoftheprepositionof;andthesecondisalsoacomplexsentence,composedofamainclauseandanattributiveclause,withaparentheticclauseembeddedinthepredicateandanotherattributiveclauseembeddedintheappositivenominalphraseattheendofthesentence.(2)Additionalcomplication•Thefirstsentencebeginswithaprepositionalphrase.Thesecondsentencealsobeginswithaprepositionalphrase,andasmentionedbefore,ithasaparentheticattributiveclauseembeddedinthepredicateandanappositivephraseplacedattheendofthesentencewithanotherattributiveclauseembedded.Inthefirstlineofthefirstsentence,incidenttolifeisanadjectivephrasemodifyingvicissitudes,andvicissitudeandeventaresynonyms.Inthesecondlineofthefirstsentence,thatofwhich…meanstheeventofwhich….(3)Notes：•ThebackbonestructureofthesecondsentenceisIwassummonedbymycountry…fromatreat…--aretreat….ThebackbonestructureofaretreatwhichIhadchosenwiththefondestpredilection,andinmyflatteringhopes,withanimmutabledecision,astheasylumofmydecliningyearsisaretreatIhadchosen…as….Alsointhesecondsentence,–aretreatwhichwasrendered…isappositivetoaretreat…beforeit.And…bytheadditionofhabittoinclination,andoffrequentinterruptioninmyhealthtothegradualwastecommittedonitbytimecouldbemadeexplicitas…byadditionofhabittoinclination,andbyadditionoffrequentinterruptioninmyhealthtothegradualwastecommittedonitbytime.(4)Paraphrase：•Theaboveparagraphcouldbeparaphrasedinthefollowingmanner:Amongtheeventsthathappenedtolife,noeventcouldhavefilledmewithgreateranxietiesthantheeventinwhichyousentthenotificationandIreceiveditonthe14thdayofthepresentmonth.Ontheonehand,IwascalledonbymycountryfromaretreatwhichIhadchosenastheasylumofmydecliningyears.Ihadchosentheretreatwithfondestpredilection,andinmyflatteringhopes,withanunchangeabledecision.Theretreatwasrenderedeverydaymorenecessaryanddearertomebecauseofmyhabitandinclination,andbecauseofthefrequentinterruptioninmyhealthandthegradualwastecommittedonitbytime.However,mycountry’svoiceIalwayshearwithvenerationandlove.B)Stylisticanalysis:•(1)Periodicity•(2)Structuralcomplication•(3)Parallelstructure•(4)Cohesivedevice•(5)Structuralandlexicalformality(1)Periodicity：•Thetwosentencesintheselectionarebothperiodicinthattheyeachbeginwithaprepositionalphrase,andthesecondsentencehasaparentheticattributiveclauseembeddedinthepredicate.(2)Structuralcomplication：•Themainclauseofthefirstsentenceisinactivevoicebutthesubordinateclauseitcontainsispassive,andsoisthesecondsentence.Besides,thesecondsentenceismuchlongerandmuchmorecomplicatedstructurallythanthefirst.Asrevealedinthegrammaticalanalysis,thetwosentencesarestructurallycomplicatedbothatsententialandphrasallevels.(3)Parallelstructure：•Parallelstructuresarefrequentlyused,forexample,transmitted…andreceived…;venerationandlove;withthefondestpredilectionand…withanimmutabledecision;morenecessaryaswellasmoredear;theadditionofhabittoinclination,andoffrequentinterruptioninmyhealthtothegradualwaste,andothers.(4)Cohesivedevice：•Intermsofcohesivedevice,examplescanbecitedasfollows:parallelstructuresarefrequentlyused;repetition,synonymy,substitution,ellipsisandsoonarepopularlyemployed,forinstance,vicissitudeandevent;venerationandlove;predilectionandinclination;decliningyears,interruptioninhealthandgradualwaste,areexamplesofsynonymsornearsynonyms;transmitandreceiveareantonyms;retreatisrepeated;habitbeforeoffrequentinterruptionisomitted;thatinthesecondlineisusedtosubstituteforanxiety,etc.(6)Structuralandlexicalformality：•Structurally,theselectionisformalinthatthetwosentencesaregrammaticallycompleteandfreefromcolloquialstructures.Lexically,theselectionisformalinthatformalwordsandnominalizationsarefrequentlyemployed,forexample,vicissitude,incident,notification,transmit,receive,summon,veneration,predilection,immutable,tonameonlyafew.C)Backgroundknowledge:•(1)ThepresentselectionandthetwoonesthatfollowarefromtheinaugurationbyGeorgeWashington,thefirstpresidentoftheUnitedStates;•(2)GeorgeWashington(1732-1799)servedasthefirstpresidentoftheUnitedStates(1789-1797).Duringthecolonialtime,hewasaVirginianlandownerandwasaleaderoftheoppositiontoBri