THELIBIDOFORTHEUGLY1、OnaWinterdaysomeyearsago,comingoutofPittsburghononeoftheexpressesofthePennsylvaniaRailroad,IrolledeastwardforanhourthroughthecoalandsteeltownsofWestmorelandcounty.几年前的一个冬日,我乘坐宾夕法尼亚铁路公司的一班快车离开匹兹堡,向东行驶一小时,穿越了威斯特摩兰县的煤城和钢都。Itwasfamiliarground;boyandman,Ihadbeenthroughitoftenbefore.ButsomehowIhadneverquitesenseditsappallingdesolation.这是我熟悉的地方,无论是童年时期还是成年时期,我常常经过这一带。但以前我从来没有感到这地方荒凉得这么可怕。HerewastheveryheartofindustrialAmerica,thecenterofitsmostlucrativeandcharacteristicactivity,theboastandprideoftherichestandgrandestnationeverseenonearth-andherewasascenesodreadfullyhideoussointolerablybleakandforlornthatitreducedthewholeaspirationofmantoamacabreanddepressingjoke.这儿正是工业化美国的心脏,是其最赚钱、最典型活动的中心,世界上最富裕、最伟大的国家的自豪和骄傲——然而这儿的景象却又丑陋得这样可怕,凄凉悲惨得这么令人无法忍受,以致人的抱负和壮志在这儿成了令人毛骨悚然的、令人沮丧的笑料。Herewaswealthbeyondcomputation,almostbeyondimagination-andherewerehumanhabitationssoabominable令人憎恶的thattheywouldhavedisgracedaraceofalleycats.这儿的财富多得无法计算,简直都无法想象——也是在这儿,人们的居住条件又是如此之糟,连那些流浪街头的野猫也为之害羞。2、Iamnotspeakingofmerefilth.Oneexpectssteeltownstobedirty.我说的不仅仅是脏。钢铁城镇的脏是人们意料之中的事。WhatIalludetoistheunbrokenandagonizingugliness,thesheerrevoltingmonstrousnessofeveryhouseinsight.我指的是所看到的房子没有一幢不是丑陋得令人难受,畸形古怪得让人作呕的。FromEastLibertytoGreensburg,adistanceoftwenty-fivemiles,therewasnotoneinsightfromthetrainthatdidnotinsultandlaceratetheeye.从东自由镇到格林斯堡,在这全长25英里的路上,从火车上看去,没有一幢房子不让人看了感到眼睛不舒服和难受。Someweresobad,andtheywereamongthemostpretentious—churches,stores,warehouses,andthelike–thattheyweredownrightstartling;oneblinkedbeforethemasoneblinksbeforeamanwithhisfaceshotaway.有的房子糟糕得吓人,但这些房子竟然还是一些最重要的建筑——教堂、商店、仓库等。人们惊愕地看着这些房子,就像是看见一个脸给子弹崩掉的人一样。Afewlingerinmemory,horribleeventhere:acrazylittlechurchjustwestofJeannette,setlikeadormer-windowonthesideofabare,leproushill;的留在记忆里,甚至回忆起来也是可怕的:珍尼特西面的一所样子稀奇古怪的小教堂,就像一扇老虎窗贴在一面光秃秃的、似有麻风散鳞的山坡上;theheadquartersoftheVeteransofForeignWarsatanotherforlorntown,asteelstadiumlikeahugerat-trapsomewherefurtherdowntheline.参加过国外战争的退伍军人总部,设在珍尼特过去不远的另一个凄凉的小镇上。有沿铁路线向东不远处的一座钢架,就像一个巨大的捕鼠器。ButmostofallIrecallthegeneraleffect–ofhideousnesswithoutabreak.TherewasnotasingledecenthousewithineyerangefromthePittsburghsuburbstotheGreensburgyards.Therewasnotonethatwasnotmisshapen,andtherewasnotonethatwasnotshabby.但我回忆里出现的三要还是一个总的印象——连绵不断的丑陋。从匹兹堡到格林斯堡火车调车场,放眼望去,没有一幢像样的房子。没有一幢不是歪歪扭扭的,没有一幢不是破破烂烂的。3、Thecountryitselfisnotuncomelydespitethegrimeoftheendlessmills.尽管到处是林立的工厂,遍地弥漫着烟尘,这一地区的自然霉仟并不差。Itis,inform,anarrowrivervalley,withdeepgulliesrunningupintothehills.Itisthicklysettled,butnotnoticeablyovercrowded.Thereisstillplentyofroomforbuilding,eveninthelargertowns,andthereareveryfewsolidblocks.Nearlyeveryhouse,bigandlittle,hasspaceonallfoursides.就地形而论,这儿是一条狭窄的河谷,其中流淌着一道道发源自山间的深溪。这儿的人口虽然稠密,但并无过分拥挤的迹象,即使在一些较大的城镇中,建筑方面也还大有发展的余地。这儿很少见到有高密度排列的建筑楼群,几乎每一幢房屋,无论大小,其四周都还有剩余的空地。Obviously,iftherewerearchitectsofanyprofessionalsenseordignityintheregion,theywouldhaveperfectedachalettohugthehillsides–achaletwithahigh-pitchedroottothrowofftheheavyWintersnows,butstillessentiallyalowandclingingbuilding,widerthanitwastall.显然,如果这一地区有几个稍有职业责任感或荣誉感的建筑师的话,他们准会紧依山坡建造一些美观雅致的瑞士式山地小木屋——一种有着便于冬季排除积雪的陡坡屋顶,宽度大于高度,依山而建的低矮的小木屋。Butwhathavetheydone?Theyhavetakenastheirmodelabricksetonend.Thistheyhaveconvertedintoathingofdingyclapboards,withanarrow,low-pitchedroof.Andthewholetheyhavesetuponthin,preposterousbrickpiers.可是,他们实际上是怎么做的呢?他们把直立的砖块作为造房的模式,造出了一种用肮脏的护墙板围成的不伦不类的房屋,屋顶又窄又平,而且整个地安放在一些单薄的、奇形怪状的砖垛上。Bythehundredsandthousandstheseabominablehousescoverthebarehillsides,likegravestonesinsomegiganticanddecayingcemeteryontheirdeepsidestheyarethree,fourandevenfivestorieshigh;ontheirlowsidestheyburythemselvesswinishlyinthemud.这种丑陋不堪的房屋成百上千地遍布于一个个光秃秃的山坡上,就像是一些墓碑竖立在广阔荒凉的坟场上。这些房屋高的一侧约有三四层,甚至五层楼高,而低的一侧看去却像一群埋在烂泥潭里的猪猡。Notafifthofthemareperpendicular.Theyleanthiswayandthat,hangingontotheirbasesprecariously.Andoneandalltheyarestreakedingrime,withdeadandeczematouspatchesofpaintpeepingthroughthestreaks.垂直式的房屋不到五分之一,大部分房屋都是那样东倒西歪,摇摇欲坠地固定在地基上。每幢房屋上都积有一道道的尘垢印痕,而那一道道垢痕的间隙中,还隐隐约约露出一些像湿疹痂一样的油漆斑痕。4、Nowandthenthereisahouseofbrick.Butwhatbrick!Whenitisnewitisthecolorofafriedegg.Whenithastakenonthepatinaofthemillsitisthecolorofanegglongpastallhopeorcaring.偶尔也可以看到一幢砖房,可那叫什么砖啊!新建的时候,它的颜色像油煎鸡蛋,然而一经工厂排放出来的烟尘熏染,蒙上一层绿锈时,它的颜色便像那早已无人问津的臭蛋一样。Wasitnecessarytoadoptthatshockingcolor?Nomorethanitwasnecessarytosetallofthehousesonend.难道一定得采用这种糟糕的颜色吗?这就与把房屋都建成直立式一样没看攀要。若是用红砖造房,便可以越古老陈旧越气派,即使在钢铁城镇中也是如此。Redbrick,eveninasteeltown,ageswithsomedignity.Letitbecomedownrightblack,anditisstillsightly,especiallyifitstrimmingsareofwhitestone,withsootinthedepths;andthehighspotswashedbytherain.红砖就算被染得漆黑,看起来还是能够使人悦目,尤其是如果用白石镶边,经雨水一洗刷,凹处烟垢残存,凸处本色外露,红黑映衬,更觉美观。ButinWestmorelandtheypreferthaturemicyellow,andsotheyhavethemostloathsometownsandvillageseverseenbymortaleye.可是在威斯特摩兰县,人们却偏偏喜欢用那血尿般的黄色,因此便有了这种世界上最丑陋不堪、最令人恶心的城镇和乡村。5、Iawardthischampionshiponlyafterlaboriousresearchandincessantprayer.Ihaveseen,Ibelieve,allofthemostunlovelytownsoftheworld;theyarealltobefoundintheUnitedStates.我是在经过一番苦心探究和不断祈祷后才将这顶丑陋之最的桂冠封赠于威斯特摩兰县的。我自信我已见到过世界上所有的丑陋之极的城镇