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SkoposTheoryForVermeer,translationisatypeofhumanaction,anintentional,purposefulbehaviorthattakesplaceinagivensituation.Itisaformoftranslationactionbasedonasourcetext.Heholdsthatanyactionhasanaim,apurpose,sodoestranslationactivity.TheGreekword“skopos”,whichwasintroducedintotranslationtheorybyVermeerinthe1970s,isatechniquetermforthegoalorpurposeofatranslation,thatiswhatatranslatorisaimingatinthetranslationprocess.Theessenceofthetheory:Theprimeprincipledetermininganytranslationprocessisthepurpose(skopos)oftheoveralltranslationaction,whichisregardedasthecentraltheorybytheGermanFunctionalism.TheadvantageofskopostheoryisthatitallowsthepossibilityofthesametextbeingtranslatedindifferentwaysaccordingtothepurposeoftheTTandthecommissionwhichisgiventothetranslator.Itincludesthreeprinciples:skoposrule,coherencerule,andfidelityrule.Skoposruleexplainsthattranslationisdeterminedbypurpose.Coherencerulemainlyfocusonthecoherenceofformandmeaning.Fidelityruleisfaithfultotheoriginalwriting.Ifthereiscontradictionamongthreeprinciples,skoposruleshouldbeputinthefirstplace.skoposrule：Accordingtoskopostheory,principleofalltranslationactivitiesfollowtheobjectiveprinciple,namelythetranslationshouldbeinlanguagecontextandculture,accordingtothetargettextreceiversexpectedfunctiontypes.Thepurposeoftranslationistodeterminethewholeprocessoftranslation,thatistosay,themethodofdeterminingtheoutcome.Butthetranslationactivitiescanhavemultiplepurposes,whichfurtherdividedintothreecategories:(1)thebasicpurposeofthetranslator;(2)thecommunicativepurposeofthetranslation(suchasenlightening);(3)tousesomespecialmeansoftranslationpurpose(suchastoillustratethespecialgrammaticalstructurealanguageintheliteralway)accordingtoitsstructure.However,undernormalcircumstances,theobjectivereferstothecommunicativepurposeofthetranslation,namelytranslationofthetargetreadersinthetargetlanguageinthesocialculturalcontextofcommunicativefunction.(Venuti:2001)therefore,thetranslatorshouldmakeclearitsspecificpurposeinagiventranslationcontext,andinaccordancewiththeobjectivetodeterminethe-betweenliteraltranslationandfreetranslationorbetweenwhatthetranslationmethod.Coherencerule：Itreferstothetranslationmustconformtointer-textualcoherencestandard,namelywithreadabilityandacceptability,canmaketherecipientunderstandandhavesignificanceinthetargetcultureandthecommunicativecontext.Fidelityrulemeansthatthereshouldbeinterlingualcoherencebetweentheoriginalandthetranslation(inter-textualcoherence).Thisisequivalenttowhatothertranslationtheoriescallfidelitytotheoriginaltext,butthedegreeandformoffaithfulnesswiththesourcetextdependsonthepurposeofthetranslationandthetranslator'sunderstandingoftheoriginaltext.Loyaltyrule:TheprincipleofloyaltywasputforwardbyNord.ShefoundthatSkopostheoriehastwodrawbacks:first,becauseofthedifferencesofculturalpatterns,peoplewithdifferentculturalbackgroundshavedifferentviewsongoodtranslation;inaddition,iftheintentionprinciplerequiredbythecommunicativepurposeofthetranslationandtheoriginalauthoroftheopposite,thenwewillabidebytheobjectiveprincipleandprincipleoffaithfulness.Therefore,Nordputforwardtheprincipleofloyaltytosolvetherelationshipbetweenculturaldifferencesandtheparticipantsinthetranslationprocess.Nordbelievesthatthetranslatorhasamoralobligationtothereceiverandmustexplaintothemwhathehasdoneandwhy.Thisispartoftheprincipleofloyalty.Ontheotherhand,thetranslatorisrequiredtobeloyaltotheoriginalauthor.Thetranslatorshouldrespecttheoriginalauthorandcoordinatethetargettextandtheauthor'sintention.Therefore,theprincipleofloyaltyfocusesontherelationshipbetweenthetranslatorandtheauthor,thecustomer,thereceiverandtheparticipantsinthetranslationprocess.Nordproposedthatthetranslatorshouldfollowtheguidingprincipleoffunctionplusloyalty,thatletthetheorybecomeperfecting.Skopostheoriehasawiderangeofapplications,notonlyfortranslation,butalsoforinterpretation,especiallyforinterpretingstudies.Thetranslationprocessisacomplicatedprocessinvolvingmultiplechoice,skopostheoryhighlightsthesubjectivityofthetranslator,thetranslatortogetridoftheshacklesofthetraditionalequivalencetheory,thetranslationpurposeasthestartingpointandfundamentaltaskoftranslation,hasgreatlychangedouroriginalconceptoftranslation.Fromthetranslationstrategy,thetranslationmethod,tothechoiceoftheformandcontentoftheoriginaltext,totheproductionofthetargettext,thetranslationpurposeisusedasthereference.