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本科毕业设计说明书3000m3液化气球罐的优化设计THEOPTIMALDESIGNOF3000m3LPGSPHERICALTANK学院（部）：专业班级：学生姓名：指导教师：年月日安徽理工大学毕业设计I3000m3液化气球罐的优化设计摘要球形储罐作为一种有压储存容器，相对于一般圆筒形储存容器，具有用材少、受力情况好、占地面积小等显著优点，在石油、化工、冶金等领域广泛用于储存气体、液体或者液化气体。本文设计了在常温下工作的3000m3的液化气球罐及其相应附件。查阅相关资料后，确定采用16MnR钢作为球壳用钢，对其储罐形式进行了优化设计，计算比较后确定采用混合式三带球罐，支柱形式为赤道正切式，支柱根数为10根，拉杆采用可调式拉杆，根据相关设计标注进行结构设计和强度校核，最后完成相关附件的设计。最终的成果为一张装配图和三张主要零件的零件图。关键字：球形储罐，材料选择，结构优化，强度校核安徽理工大学毕业设计IITHEOPTIMALDESIGNOF3000m3LPGSPHERICALTANKABSTRACTComparedtothegeneralcylindricalstoragecontainer,thesphericaltankisakindofpressurestoragecontainerswithlessmaterial,goodforce,coverasmallarea,etc,whichiswidelyusedinstorageofgases,liquids,orliquefiedgasinpetroleum,chemicalindustry,metallurgyandotherfields.Thispaperdesignsthe3000㎡LPGsphericaltankworkingatroomtemperatureanditscorrespondingaccessories.Referringtorelevantdata,Idetermineusing16MnRsteelasthesteelsphericalshell.Theoptimizationdesigniscarriedoutontheformofstoragetank.Aftercomputationandcomparison,Idetermineusinghybridthreezonessphericaltankwiththepillarformoftheequatortangenttype,proprootnumberof10,andadjustabledraw-pole.Thestructureisdesignedandthestrengthischeckedaccordingtorelateddesignmarks,andfinallythedesignoftherelatedaccessoriesiscompleted.Thefinalresultofthisstudyisaassemblydrawingandthreepartsdrawingofmajorparts.KEYWORDS:thesphericaltank,materialselection,structureoptimization,strengthchec安徽理工大学毕业设计III目录摘要................................................错误!未定义书签。ABSTRACT............................................错误!未定义书签。1球罐概述..........................................................11.1绪论.........................................................11.2球罐的分类和特点.............................................11.2.1球罐的分类.............................................11.2.2球罐的特点.............................................21.3球罐的设计参数...............................................21.3.1压力...................................................21.3.2温度...................................................31.4球罐的应用...................................................32球罐的结构设计....................................................42.1球罐壳体的优化设计...........................................42.1.1壳体结构的确定.........................................42.1.2壳体尺寸的计算.........................................62.2焊接坡口的设计..............................................142.3支座设计....................................................152.4开孔设计....................................................182.4.1人孔结构..............................................182.4.2接管结构..............................................182.5球罐的附件..................................................192.5.1梯子平台..............................................192.5.2喷淋装置..............................................192.5.3隔热保冷装置..........................................202.5.4液位计................................................212.5.5压力表................................................212.5.6温度计................................................212.5.7安全泄放装置..........................................213罐的强度计算.....................................................243.1设计参数....................................................243.2球壳计算....................................................243.2.1液柱高度与计算压力....................................243.2.2球壳厚度球罐质量的计算................................253.2.3球壳强度校核..........................................263.3球罐质量计算................................................273.4地震载荷的计算..............................................283.4.1球罐的基本自振周期....................................283.4.2水平地震力............................................283.5风载荷的计算................................................293.6弯矩的计算..................................................293.7支柱的计算..................................................30安徽理工大学毕业设计IV3.7．1单个支柱的垂直载荷...................................303.7.2支柱的最大垂直载荷....................................313.7.3单个支柱弯矩..........................................313.7.3支柱稳定性校核........................................323.8地脚螺栓计算................................................343.8.1拉杆作用在支柱上的水平力..............................343.8.2支柱底板与基础之间的摩擦力............................343.8.3地脚螺栓的计算........................................343.9支柱底板....................................................353.9.1支柱底板直径..........................................353.9.2支柱底板厚度..........................................353.10拉杆计算...................................................353.10.1拉杆螺纹小径的计算...................................353.10.2拉杆连接部分的计算...................................363.11支柱与球壳连接最低点的应力校核.............................373.11.1a点的剪切应力.......................................373.11.2a点的维向应力.......................................383.11.3a点的组合应力与应力校核.............................383.12支柱与壳体连接焊缝的强度校核...............................384球罐的制造与组装.................................................404.1制造工序....................................................404.1.1.材料的检验............................................404.1.2瓣片加工......................