商务英语翻译_第四章_政治经济汉译英

政治经济汉译英第一节政治经济习俗语的形象表达与指称意义的解读ƒ由于文化差异的影响，不同民族对同一形象往往产生不同的联想和体味，翻译中的形象转换不可避免。ƒ若两种语言中形象与喻义刚好巧合，这种转换就比较顺利。ƒ在形象和喻义难以两全的情况下，是保留形象还是保留喻义呢？ƒ通常舍喻义，保形象，因为意义是第一位的。翻译就是译意。ƒ建立“一站式”服务中心，为外国投资者提供审批业务“一条龙”服务。ƒSetupthe“One-stop”ServiceCentertoprovideacoordinatedprocessserviceforforeigninvestorsinobtainingapproval.ƒ期间多次实行权力下放，但都只限于调整中央和地方、条条和块块的管理权限。ƒWetriedtodelegatepowertolowerlevelsonanumberofoccasions.Butthiswaslimitedtoreadjustingtheadministrativepowerofthecentralandlocalauthoritiesandofthedifferentdepartmentsandregions.ƒ必须始终不渝地坚持两手抓，两手都要硬的方针，加强精神文明建设。ƒWemustunswervinglygiveequalimportancetoeconomicdevelopmentononehandandtothedevelopmentofsocialistcultureandideologyontheotherhand.ƒ以江泽民为核心的党中央坚持两手抓、两手都要硬的方针，从多方面加强精神文明建设…ƒThePartyCentralCommitteewithComradeJiangZeminatthecore,inadherencetotheprincipleofplacingequalemphasisonmaterialprogressandethicalandculturalprogress,withneitheraspectsneglected,haspromotedethicalandculturalprogressinallfields.ƒ必须清楚看到，……“一手比较硬，一手比较软”的问题还没有解决。ƒWemustseewithasobermindthat…”attachingimportancetomaterialprogresswhileneglectingethicalandculturalprogress”hasnotbeensolved.ƒ十年来最大的失误在教育。一手比较硬，一手比较软。ƒThemostseriouserrorintheprevioustenyearsweremadeineducation.Somethingswerestressedwhileotherswereneglected.ƒ搞现代化建设一定要坚持以经济建设为中心，要有两手，只有一手是不行的。ƒIngoinginformodernization,effortsmustbemadetokeepeconomicdevelopmentasthecentraltask,andequalimportanceshouldbeattachedtobothaspectsforstressingonlyoneaspectisnotenough.第二节政治经济用语的字面意义与内涵表达ƒ指称意义也叫所指意义、认知意义，指词与所指客体、思想或行为之间的直接关系。（denotation,designativemeanings,cognitivemeaning,referentialmeaning,conceptualmeaning）ƒ蕴涵意义，也称情感意义，指词内含的情感和联想意义.(connotation,affectivemeaning,impliedmeaning,suggestedmeaning)ƒ不看具体语境究其内涵意义，很难想到他们相应的正确英语表达法。仅仅根据其字面意义，这类用语无法译出，即使查字典，也常常无从查起。ƒ因此，必须在吃透原文，从整个篇幅着眼，不拘泥于个别字句，注重特定语境中上下文的关系，注重文化差异，译出其内涵意义。ƒ农转非Changingfromagriculturaltonon-agriculturestatusƒ扫黄打非wipeoutpornographicpublicationsandcrackdownonillegalpublishingpracticesƒ分光吃光totaldistributionandtotalconsumptionƒ假冒伪劣fakeandlow-qualitygoodsƒ拨乱反正rectificationoftheideologicallineƒ机不可失，时不我待。我们要加大改革的分量和力度……ƒOpportunityknocksbutonce.Wemustincreasetheimpactandmomentumofreform…ƒ促进整个经济有粗放经营向集约经营转变。ƒTobringaboutachangefromextensivetointensivemanagementoftheeconomyasawhole.ƒ积极鼓励社会力量办学，以调动各方面办学的积极性。ƒWeshallencouragetherunningofschoolsbynon-governmentalsectorssoastobringtheinitiativeallquartersintoplay.“摸底”的几种译法ƒ这次我们摸了一下美国军队的底。ThistimewehavetakenmeasureoftheU.S.armedforces.ƒ我们跟它打了三十三个月，把它的底摸熟了。Wehavefoughtthemforthirty-threemonthsandgottoknowforwhattheyareworth.ƒ请同志们摸一下农民用粮的底。Pleaseinvestigatehowmuchgrainthepeasantsactuallyconsume.ƒ如果想摸底，这又是一个底，这是一个带根本性的底。Ifyouwanttosoundusout,thereisonethingyouwilllearn,athingwhichisfundamentalinnature.ƒ我和许多地方同志摸了这个底。Togetherwithmanycomradesinthelocalities,Ihavemadeanestimate.ƒ各民族党派什么情况，基层什么情况，恐怕你们这些负责人也不摸底。Howdothingsstandwithdemocraticpartiesandatthegrassroots?I’mafraidyouwhoareinresponsiblepositionshaven’taveryclearidea.句法结构ƒ第一节汉语的分句铺排与英语的ＳＶ主干结构ƒ汉语动词连贯句与英语逻辑主次关系ƒ要着眼于搞好整个国有经济，抓好大的，放活小的，对企业实施战略性改组。ƒAimingatimprovingthestatesectoroftheeconomyasawhole,weshalleffectuateastrategicreorganizationofstate-ownedenterprisesbywellmanaginglargeenterpriseswhileadoptingaflexiblepolicytowardssmallones.ƒ所有二流子都要受到改造，参加生产，变为好人。ƒAllloafersmustbereformedintogoodcitizensthroughparticipationinproduction.ƒ广大文艺工作者要深入群众，深入生活，汲取营养，丰富自己。ƒWritersandartistsshouldgetnutrition,andenrichthemselvesbyimmersingthemselvesamongthemasses,andbyplungingintothethickoflife.ƒ中国经济成功地进行了“软着陆”，这是宏观经济调控的结果。它控制了通货膨胀，避免了经济的大起大落，保持了经济的快速增长。ƒTheChineseeconomyhassuccessfullymadea“softlanding”,aresultofmacroeconomiccontrol,whichhascurbedinflationwhilemaintainingrapideconomicgrowthwithoutmajorfluctuations.第三章修辞特点ƒ汉语繁多的华丽之词与英语直观明快的描写ƒ汉语过多修饰词的使用与英语避虚就实的特点ƒ进一步开展节约能源的宣传，努力提高全社会节能意识。Theideaofsavingenergyshouldbepromotedtothegeneralpublic.ƒ各级政府都要切实加强对改革的领导，扎扎实实地做好工作，不断把改革推向前进。Thegovernmentatalllevelsshouldstrengthentheirleadershipinthesereformsanddoasolidjobofpropellingthereformforward.ƒ“胜利召开，热烈欢呼，认真执行，彻底粉碎”，“不切实际的幻想，毫无根据的诽谤”ƒ“successfullyconvened”,“thoroughlysmash”,“impracticalillusion”,groundlessdefamation”不合逻辑ƒProperwordsinproperplaces,thatmakesgoodEnglish.TheCompletePlainWordsE.Gower(1979)ƒIthasbeenwiselysaidthattheadjectiveistheenemyofthenoun.Ifwemakeahabitofsaying“thetruefactsarethere”,weshallundersuspicionwhenweprofesstotellmerely“thefacts”.Ifacrisisisalways“acute”andenemergencyalways“grave”,whatisleftforthosewordstodobythemselves?If“active”constantlyaccompaniesconsideration,weshallthinkwearebeingfobbedoffwhenwearepromisedbareconsideration.ƒIfadecisionisalwaysqualifiedby“definite”,adecisionbyitselfbecomesapoorfilletedthing.Ifconditionsarecustomarilydescribedas“pre-requisite”or“essential”,weshalldoubtwhetheraconditionwithoutanadjectiveisreallyaconditionatall.Anunfulfilledvacancymayleaveuswonderingwhetheramerevacancyisreallyvacant.Ifapartisalwaysanintegralpartoracomponentpartthereisnothingleftforamerepartexcepttobeasparepart.ƒ19世纪英国散文家ThomasH.Huxley也曾说过：“我们没有必要用‘修辞的化妆品’去涂抹真理的洁白脸孔(toplasterthefairfaceoftruthwiththecosmetic