Harvard Style哈佛体-引用格式

AdaptedfromAttheendofthislesson,studentsareableto:UnderstandtheappropriatecitationandreferencesusingtheHarvardreferencingstyleDemonstratetheirunderstandingoftheuseoftheHarvardreferencingstyle,i.e.▪Books▪JournalArticles▪ElectronicResourcesetcIt’sgoodacademicpracticeandenhancespresentationItallowsyouto:acknowledgetheworkofothersANDallowsyourtutortodifferentiatebetweenyourownworkandtheworkofothersANDtolocatethesourcesyouhaveusedItallowsyoutodemonstratethat:Youhavegatheredevidencetosupportyourideas/argumentsYouhaveusedcredible,goodqualitysourcesHavereadwidelyANDhavereadatanappropriateacademiclevelInyourassignmentsyoumustdemonstratethatyouhaveusedrelevant,goodqualitysourcestosupportyourargumentsby:providingin-textcitationsinthebodyofyourworkANDareferencelistattheendofyourworkCitationAccordingtoMyers[1]thereasonfor….Thereferenceispresentedasafootnoteatthebottomofthepageorattheendofyourwork:[1]Myers,D.(2008),Constructioneconomics:Anewapproach,2nded.,London:TaylorandFrancis,p.159.Anin-textcitation,thatprovidesthefollowinginformation:Thenameoftheauthor(s)/editor(s)ofthesourceit’sdateofpublicationANDwhereverpossible,thepagenumbersyouhaveusedmaterialfromANDAreferencelistthatprovidesfulldetailsofthesourcesyouhavecitedinyourtextAccordingtoClegg(1985,p.543),theinter-warperiodwas….Barter(2003,p.258)hasshownthat…..AsEvans,JamalandFoxall(2006,p.76)pointout….IthasbeensuggestedbyReed(2008,pp.30-31)....Barter(2003,p.258)andStuart(2001,p.85)note…AnumberofauthorsincludingSmith(2008,pp.21-24)andAdams(2001,pp.165-166)havearguedthat…**p.-pagenumber/pp.-pagenumbers**25%ofmanufacturingjobswerelostinthe1980’s(Jones,1995,p.64).Severalauthors(Ray,2002,p.23;Smith,2004,p.70)conclude..Arecentsurvey(Gordon,2001,pp.21-28)hasfound…PagenumbersAlwayscitepagenumbersexceptifyoumerelywishtomentiontheexistenceofabook,journaletc.withoutusingmaterialfromit.Forexample:Anumberofrecentstudies(Gray,2002;Toms,2004;Lee,2008)haveconsideredtheScottisheconomyinthe1990’s.It’salistofallthesourcesyouhavecitedinthetextofyourassignmentIt’spresentedattheendofyourworkinalphabeticalorderbyauthor/editorDonotlistbooks,journals,newspapers,thenwebsitesetc.Note:abibliographylistsallofthesourcesyouhavereadtohelpwriteyourassignment,notjustthosecitedinthetext.Quotedirectly:useanotherperson’sideasintheirwordsParaphrase:presentanotherperson’sideasinyourwordsSummarise:expressanotherperson’sideasinfewerwordsUseideas,theories,facts,experiments,casestudies,fromasourceAdoptanotherperson’sresearchmethod,surveyorexperimentdesignUsestatistics,tables,diagramsetc.–notjustwords!Ifyoupresentinformationexactlyasitappearsinasource,indicatethisbyusingquotationmarks:‘Marketsegmentationiswherethelargermarketisheterogeneousandcanbebrokendownintosmallerunitsthataresimilarincharacter’(EasyandSorensen,2009,p.133).Original:MP’swerenotpaidasalaryuntil1912.InmedievaltimesconstituentssometimespaidtheirmembersandmetsomeoftheexpensesofsendinganMPtoWestminster,butthepracticediedoutbytheendofthe17thcenturyandthereafterMP’sneededpersonalwealthorapersonalpatroninordertosustainapoliticalcareer(Rush,2005,p.114.)Untilthe20thcentury,whenMP’sreceivedasalary,personalwealthorthesupportofapatronwasessentialforalong-termcareerinpolitics.FinancialsupportforMP’shadonoccasioncomefromtheirconstituentsinthemedievalperiodbutthissystemhadendedbythe17thcentury.Cite?Yes.Sentence2hasbeenre-writtenbutthemeaningisthesameastheoriginalOriginal:TheproportionofmanualworkersintheranksoftheparliamentaryLabourPartydeclinedfrom1945to1979,fromapproximately1in4to1in10…..Ofthe412LabourMP’selectedin2001,12%weredrawnfrommanualbackgrounds(CriddlecitedinNorton,2005,p.23).Since1945theproportionofmanualworkersintheparliamentaryLabourPartyhasfallenfrom25%(approx.)to12%in2001.Cite?Yes.Sentence1hasbeenshortenedandrewrittenbutthekeypointismaintainedYourownideas,theories,arguments,conclusionsSurveysandexperimentsdesignedandcarriedoutbyyouYourownresearchmethodVerybasiccommonknowledge:i.e.GlasgowisinthewestofScotlandBUTGlasgowisinthewestofScotlandandhasapopulationof530,000(citesource!)CitationInthe1980’s,salesofbluejeansslowedandthendeclined(Ransom,2002,p.100).orAccordingtoRansom(2002,p.100),thesalesofbluejeans….ReferencelistRansom,D.(2002),Theno-nonsenseguidetofairtrade,Oxford:NewInternationalistorRansom,D.(2002),Theno-nonsenseguidetofairtrade,Oxford:NewInternationalist**ifnoitalicsavailable-useanunderline**2AuthorsCitationAsSlomanandWirde(2009,p.65)pointout…Unemploymentratesaretraditionallyhigheramongwomen(SlomanandWirde,2009,p.419).ReferencelistSloman,J.andWirde,A.(2009),Economics,7thed.,Harlow:PearsonEducation3AuthorsCitationAccordingtoTorrington,HallandTaylor(2008,p.579),companiesthatdiscriminate..Companiesthatdiscriminateagainstvariousgroupslosetalent(Torrington,HallandTaylor,2008,p.579).ReferencelistTorrington,D.,Hall,L.andTaylor,S.(2008),Humanresourcemanagement,7thed.,Harlow:PrenticeHall.**incitationsauthorsnamesmustapp