传统文化与翻译2 Culture & Translation

Chapter4ValuesandTranslating4.1ThedefinitionofvaluesValuestellpeoplewhatbehaviorsarefavoredbythesociety,whatpeopleshouldloveorhate,whatisgoodorevil,whatisbeautifulorugly,whatisnormalorabnormal,whatisrightorwrong.Theyarethebasesofoutlookoflifeortheworld.4.2Collectivismvs.Individualism4.2.1Individualism1)thehabitorprincipleofbeingindependentofself-reliant;2)asocialtheoryfavoringfreedomofactionforindividualsovercollectiveorstatecontrol.TheNewOxfordDictionaryofEnglishIndividualism:1.feelingorbehaviourofapersonwholikestodothingshis/herownway,regardlessofwhatotherpeopledo.2.theorythatfavoursfreeactionandcompletelibertyofbeliefforeachindividualperson(contrastedwiththetheorythatfavoursthesupremacyofthestate)Individualrightsandobligationscomefirst.Thereisastrongemphasisonindividualmeritsandcompetition,whichiscommunicatedinproverb,“Theearlybirdgetstheworm.”Individualismisexpressedinvaluesabouttheimportanceofdoingyourbest,rewardforindividualachievementandthechanceofsuccess,andtheimportanceofsolvingproblemsyourself,notwaitingforotherstodoitforyou.个人主义:一切从个人出发,把个人利益放在集体利益之上,只顾自己、不顾别人的错误思想。《现代汉语词典》4.2.2Collectivism:peoplehaveamuchstrongervalueofmaintainingharmonyandgoodrelationsinthegroup.4.2.3HistoricalbackgroundThegreatestConfucianscholarDongZhongshuand3cardinalguidesand5constantvirtuesTheshareofknowledgeandpracticeTheunityofHeavenandmanThesamelevelwithoutprominence4.3Practice:10.（卢嘉川）“但是，你这些想法和做法，恐怕还是为了你个人吧？”道静蓦地站了起来：“你说我是个人主义者？”（杨沫：《青春之歌》）11.“这断子绝孙的阿Q！”远远地听到小尼姑的带哭的声音。（鲁迅：《阿Q正传》）12.“Iknow.Dad,”shesaid,“I’maselfishpig.I’llthinkaboutit…”(J.Galsworthy:AModernComedy)13.宝钗独自行来,顺路进了怡红院……不想一入院来,鸦雀无闻。10.(LuJiachuan)“Areyousureyourthoughtsandwishesaren’tdeterminedbypersonalconsiderations?”heasked.Daojingsprangtoherfeet.“DoyoumeanthatI’manegoist?”11.“AhQ,mayyoudiesonless!”soundedthelittlenun’svoicetearfullyinthedistance.(杨宪益、戴乃迭)12.A）“我知道，爹，”她说，“我是头自私自利的猪。我会考虑这个问题的。……”（汪倜然译《白猿》）B）“我知道，爸爸，”她说，“我是个自私自利的蠢人。我会考虑这件事的。……”（陈冠商译《白猿》）13.A)Bao-chai’sroutetookherpasttheHouseofGreenDelight…Thecourtyardwassilentassheenteredit.Notabird’scheepwastobeheard.(Hawkes)B)…tohersurprise,hiscourtyardwasutterlyquiet.(Yang)Chapter5TheviewofBeautyandTranslating5.1ChineseRepetitionToachievetheeffectofrhyme,thesemanticbalanceortheaestheticeffect.5.1.1Setphrases(four-characterorsix-characteridioms)5.1.2ReduplicationsIntranslating,muchattentionispaidtothereferentialmeaningbutnottherepetitioninstructure.5.2Four-characterstructure秦孝公据殽函之固，拥雍洲之地，君臣固守，以窥周室，有席卷天下、包举宇内、囊括四海之意、并吞八荒之心……(贾谊：《过秦论》）关关雎鸠,在河之洲。窈窕淑女，君子好逑。《诗经》1)Kwankwangotheospreys,Ontheisletintheriver,Themodest,retiring,virtuous,younglady:--Forourprinceagoodmateshe.*Kwankwan,thecallingoftheospreys.Tr.Legge2)“Fair,fair”,crytheospreysOntheislandintheriver.Livelyisthisnoblelady.Fitbrideforourlord.Tr.ArthurWaley3)Merrilytheospreyscry,Ontheisletinthestream.Gentleandgracefulisthegirl,Afitwifeforthegentleman.Tr.YangXianyi&GladysYang4)ByriversideapairOfwaterbirdsarecooing;ThereisamaidenfairAgoodyoungmaniswooing.Tr.XuYuanchongJamesLegge：(Chinese:理雅各;December20,1815–November29,1897)wasanotedScottishsinologist,aScottishrepresentativeoftheLondonMissionarySocietyinMalaccaandHongKong(1840–1873),andfirstprofessorofChineseatOxfordUniversity(1876–1897).ArthurWaley（Sinologist，19Aug1889-27June1966)wasthegreattransmitterofthehighliteraryculturesofChinaandJapantotheEnglish-readinggeneralpublic;theambassadorfromEasttoWestinthefirsthalfofthe20thcentury.Hewasself-taught,butreachedremarkablelevelsoffluency,evenerudition,inbothlanguages.Itwasauniqueachievement,possible(ashehimselflaternoted)onlyinthattime,andunlikelytoberepeated.XuYuanchong：InApril18,1921,wasborninNanchang,JiangxiProvince.Hismother,whowaswelleducatedandgoodatpainting,hadgreatimpactonXuinhispursueofbeautyandaestheticfeeling.Hisuncleisatranslator.WhenhestudiedinthebestlocalschoolProvincialNanchangII,hisEnglishhadbeenoutstanding.Andin1938withexcellentgrades,XuwasadmittedtotheNationalSouthwestAssociatedUniversity,DepartmentofForeignLanguages.5.3Practice14.花言巧语油嘴滑舌捕风捉影精疲力竭随波逐流水深火热咬牙切齿土崩瓦解自吹自擂铜墙铁壁15.此时鲁小姐卸了浓装,换几件雅淡衣服,遽公孙举目细看,真有沉鱼落雁之容,闭月羞花之貌。（吴敬梓：《儒林外史》）16.谁知盘中餐,粒粒皆辛苦。17.花园里面是人间的乐园，有的是吃不完的大米白面，穿不完的绫罗绸缎，花不完的金银财宝。（周而复：《上海的朝晨》）15.BythistimeMissLuhadchangedoutofherceremonialdressintoanordinarygown,andthenJulookedatherclosely,hesawthatherbeautywouldputtheflowerstoshame.16.WhoknowsthateverygraininthebowlIsthefruitofsomuchpainandtoil?17.Thegardenwasaparadiseonearth,withmorefoodandclothesthancouldbeconsumedandmoremoneythancouldbespent.董永与七仙女（民间传说）董永自幼家贫，父亲死后无钱下葬，只好到富户家为奴，卖身葬父。玉皇大帝的小女儿七仙女爱董永诚实孝顺，私自来到凡间（secularworld)，请土地为媒，在老槐树(locust)下与董永结为夫妻，两人一同偿债。因七仙女一夜之间织锦10匹(bolt)，所以董永的三年佣期改为百日。百日期满，夫妻双双正要回家，不料，七仙女私自下凡一事被玉皇大帝获悉，就派天庭神将敇令(makeanedict)七仙女返回天宫。七仙女担心董永受害，只得与董永在老槐树下洒泪相别，随天将归天而去。董永自幼家贫，父亲死后无钱下葬，只好到富户家为奴，卖身葬父。玉皇大帝的小女儿七仙女爱董永诚实孝顺，私自来到凡间（secularworld)，请土地为媒，在老槐树(locust)下与董永结为夫妻，两人一同偿债。DongYongandtheSeventhFairy(afolklore)DongYong’sfamilywaspoorwhenhewasasmallchild.Whenhisfatherdied,hewaswillingtosellhimselfintoslaveryforalittlemoneyforthefuneral.Movedbyhisfilialpiety,theyoungestdaught